现代汉语复合动词重叠形式的类型及分布状况研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 07:50

【摘要】：一般认为汉语是一种缺乏形态变化的语言，但汉语中的动词重叠就是通过词的形态变化，来表达相应的语法意义。动词重叠主要是表达汉语中“量”范畴的一种语法手段。AA、A了A、A一A和A了一A是单音节动词的重叠形式，AAB、A了AB、A一AB、A了一AB和ABAB、AB了AB、AABB是双音节动词的重叠形式。除单音节动词以外，双音节复合动词和动词重叠的关系最为密切，它们有一系列相应的重叠形式，并且涉及到复合动词的结构与动词重叠的关系等现象。复合词的七种结构类型实际上是在词的构造形式上反映出的与句法结构一致的组织结构关系。从语素和音节数目上看，单音节动词的重叠性强于双音节动词。一些派生式的双音节复合词可以有AABB的重叠式，但总体而言绝大多数派生动词不能重叠。在重叠式主要为ABAB的双音节合成动词里，联合式占优势。述宾动词本身的数量很大，能产性也很强。汉语述宾结构的语义容量较大，并且谓词性语素也能与多种语素构成述宾关系。述宾式复合词是复合动词中的强势结构，在复合式动词中颇具代表性。大部分述宾动词不以ABAB或AABB的形式重叠，而以AAB、A一AB、A了AB、A了一AB这四种形式重叠，它们比较普遍的是以AAB的形式重叠。大多数述宾动词都是离合词，述宾式动词也是离合词中数量最多、最主要的一种类型。有一些复合动词并不是离合词，还有一些AAB重叠形式的基式并不是述宾结构，但人们在使用时，也常常把它们按离合词一样对待。偏正结构的内部有修饰和被修饰、限制与被限制的关系，本身具有一定的状态性，它们的意义重点往往落在前一“偏”的成分上，这类动词有很多特征是和动词重叠相冲突的。多数动补结构动词包含着一定的结果意义，带有结束的意味，大部分述补动词不能重叠。兼语式和连动式属于比较复杂的类型，它们的动词重叠形式比较少。主谓结构的动词本身数量少，结构又比较松散，这类动词的重叠形式的数量非常少。在不同结构的动词中，，重叠能力的强弱，重叠的形式、数量和基式与重叠式的对应，以及影响和制约复合动词重叠的原因等，都存在着诸多不匀衡的现象。本文重点对述宾结构动词重叠的一些问题进行了讨论，涉及到了述宾动词的基式、重叠方式、重叠形式、与单音节动词的关系、与离合词的关系等。在理论分析时我们引进了一些认知语言学的观点。
[Abstract]:It is generally believed that Chinese is a language that lacks morphological changes, but verb reduplication in Chinese expresses the corresponding grammatical meaning through the morphological change of words. Verb reduplication is mainly a grammatical means of expressing the category of "quantity" in Chinese. AA,A and A are reduplicated forms of monosyllabic verbs, AAB,A AB,A-AB,A AB and ABAB,AB AB, AABB is an overlapping form of two-syllable verbs. In addition to monosyllabic verbs, double-syllable compound verbs and verb reduplication are the most closely related, they have a series of corresponding overlapping forms, and involve the structure of compound verbs and verb reduplication and other phenomena. In fact, the seven structural types of compound words reflect the same organizational structure as the syntactic structure in the construction of words. In terms of the number of morpheme and syllable, the reduplication of monosyllabic verbs is stronger than that of disyllabic verbs. Some derivative dicyllabic compounds may have AABB reduplication, but in general, most derived verbs cannot be duplicated. In reduplicative dicyllabic compound verbs, mainly ABAB, the associative is dominant. The number of predicate verbs is very large, and the ability to produce them is also very strong. The semantic capacity of Chinese predicate object structure is large, and predicate morpheme can also form predicate object relation with many morphemes. Declarative compound is a strong structure in compound verbs, which is representative of compound verbs. Most predicate verbs do not overlap in the form of ABAB or AABB, but in AAB,A-AB,A and AB,A-AB, which are more common in the form of AAB. Most of the verbs are clutch words, and the object verbs are the most abundant and the most important type. There are some compound verbs that are not clutch words, and some AAB reduplicative bases are not the object structures, but they are often treated as the same as the clasps when they are used. The interior of the positive structure is modified and modified, and the relation between the restriction and the restriction has a certain state. Their meaning is often focused on the former "partial" component. There are many characteristics of this kind of verbs that conflict with the verb reduplication. Most verb-complement verbs contain a certain result meaning, with the meaning of the end, most of the verb can not overlap. Paralegative and conjunctive forms belong to more complex types, and they have fewer verb reduplications. The number of verbs of subject-predicate structure is small and the structure is loose, and the number of overlapping forms of these verbs is very small. Among the verbs with different structures, there are many unevenness phenomena, such as the strength of reduplication ability, the form of reduplication, the correspondence between the number and basis and the reduplication, as well as the reasons that affect and restrict the reduplication of compound verbs. This paper mainly discusses some problems of verb reduplication in object structure, including its basic form, reduplication mode, reduplication form, relation with monosyllabic verb, and relation with clutch word, etc. In the theoretical analysis, we have introduced some cognitive linguistics points of view.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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