数字对出式惯用语分析

发布时间：2018-12-26 16:43

【摘要】：作为惯用语的一大种类，数字对出式惯用语有着鲜明的语言特色，是惯用语中较为独特的语言现象。本文以温端政先生编纂的《新华惯用语词典》收录的数字对出式惯用语为研究对象，对此进行穷尽式统计。据统计，数词惯用语共有459条，数字对出式惯用语有237条，约占数词惯用语的51.6%。本文从惯用语的语法结构、语义和语用三个方面来研究。期望通过剖析这些数字对出式惯用语，对人们的日常表达和数词惯用语等语言学的研究有所裨益。语法结构方面，双语节并列型数字对出式惯用语是数字对出式惯用语的主要形式。并列型的惯用语，更易于数词成对出现，形成对举，使其结构平衡稳定。在内部结构上，结构形式丰富多样，主谓、述宾等形式都有出现。其中，单语节性惯用语中以联合和主谓偏多；双语节并列型中又以偏正联合、主谓联合结构居多。语义方面，大量的数词隐喻和转喻是其特点，规约常识在理解数字对出式惯用语中有着不可忽视的作用。感情色彩方面，虽然贬义色彩的惯用语占到总数的一半，但中性和褒义色彩的数字对出惯用语有增多的趋势。数字对出格式意义方面，对惯用语中出现的对举格式一一进行了罗列和分析，，发现“一......一”是最为常见的格式。语用方面，主要探讨了数字对出式惯用语结构的灵活性和能产性以及它所运用的修辞手段。结构的灵活性和能产性主要是从正体和副体的关系来进行阐述的。正体和副体可以通过变序、替换、增加成分、减少成分等方式进行转换。其中，替换手段是最为常见的手段。修辞手段则从语音、词汇、句式等方面进行了描述。五六七音步的数字对出式惯用语是最多的，且双语节惯用语中，平仄对举的惯用语占有绝对优势。在辞格的使用中，对偶格和夸张格是数字对出式惯用语最常用的修辞格式。
[Abstract]:As a major category of idioms, numeral idioms have distinct linguistic characteristics and are unique linguistic phenomena in idioms. This paper takes the digital output idioms compiled by Mr. Wen Duanzheng as the research object and makes exhaustive statistics on them. According to statistics, there are 459 numeral idioms and 237 numeral-pair idioms, accounting for 51.6% of numeral idioms. This paper studies the grammatical structure, semantics and pragmatics of idioms. It is expected that the analysis of these numbers will be helpful to the study of everyday expressions and numeral idioms. In the aspect of grammatical structure, the numeral pair idiom is the main form of the numeral pair output idiom. Juxtaposition idioms are more likely to appear in pairs of numerals and make them balanced and stable. In the internal structure, structural forms are rich and diverse, subject-predicate, object and other forms have appeared. Among them, there are more joint and subject-predicate in monolingual stanza idioms, and partial union in juxtaposition of bilingual nodes, with the majority of subject-predicate joint structure. In terms of semantics, a large number of numeral metaphors and metonymy are its characteristics, and conventional common sense plays an important role in understanding numeral-to-output idioms. In terms of emotional color although derogatory color idioms account for half of the total but the number of neutral and positive color has a tendency to increase the number of idioms. In the aspect of figure to form meaning, this paper lists and analyzes the lifting format of idioms, and finds out that "1." "one" is the most common format. In pragmatic aspect, the paper mainly discusses the flexibility and productivity of the structure of numerals to output idioms and the rhetorical devices it uses. The flexibility and prolificacy of the structure are mainly explained from the relationship between orthodoxy and accessory body. Orthopaedic and accessory bodies can be transformed by order, substitution, addition, reduction, etc. Among them, substitution is the most common means. Rhetorical devices are described in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary and sentence structure. The numeral pair idioms of the five or sixty-seven steps are the most, and in the bilingual festival idioms, the level has an absolute advantage over the lifting idioms. In the use of figures of speech, duality and hyperbole are the most commonly used rhetorical forms of numerals.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H03

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