中级水平美国留学生汉语口语交际策略研究

发布时间：2019-01-14 08:11

【摘要】：在第二语言习得领域,关注学习者差异的研究相对较为薄弱。在汉语作为第二语言教学界,有关学习者口语交际策略的研究尚处于起步阶段。本论文在已有的口语交际策略相关研究的基础上,采用问卷调查和访谈的形式,对中级水平美国留学生汉语口语交际策略的使用情况、汉语口语交际策略的使用与影响因素的关系及汉语口语交际策略的使用与交际效果的关系进行了调查研究。本文共分五章。第一章阐述了本文的选题缘由及意义、研究的问题与目标、研究方法及创新之处。目前学术界关于美国留学生汉语学习方面的研究成果多偏重于偏误分析与对比分析,学习策略略有涉及,但是针对美国学生汉语口语交际策略的专项研究成果并不多。因此,本研究不仅可以为以后针对美国学生的汉语口语教学及汉语口语交际策略的研究提供基本资料和依据,还可以为对美汉语教学提供口语教学参考和指导。第二章回顾了国内外学术界关于口语交际策略的研究,从理论研究和实证研究两方面进行了梳理与阐述,并分析了口语交际策略的研究现状及不足。第三章介绍了本研究的研究设计,包括调查对象、研究工具、数据的收集和分析。本研究调查对象在南京大学、东南大学、北京大学、北京语言大学及东北师范大学的汉语中级班学习的美国留学生,共计52人。研究工具为汉语口语交际策略调查问卷和访谈录音。调查问卷由学生个体因素调查问卷及汉语口语交际策略调查问卷两部分构成。本研究使用描述性统计、独立样本T检验、Pearson相关分析和方差分析等统计方法对问卷数据进行分析。第四章是研究结果和讨论。研究结果发现：(1)中级水平美国留学生在母语环境中汉语口语交际策略使用频率由高到低依次为非言语行为类策略、检索策略、求助策略、借用策略、转述策略、减缩策略。(2)中级水平美国留学生在目的语环境中汉语口语交际策略使用频率由高到低依次为非言语行为类策略、检索策略、求助策略、转述策略、减缩策略、借用策略。(3)中级水平美国留学生在目的语环境下会更多地使用口语交际策略。(4)借用策略的使用与使用环境有关,即母语环境或者目的语环境对使用借用策略的频率和倾向性产生影响。(5)性别、性格、学习时间和学习动机对某些策略的使用有显著影响,且影响随着使用环境的改变而改变。(6)减缩策略与交际效果呈显著负相关,其余五项策略与交际效果呈显著正相关。第五章总结了研究结果,从教学环境、教学对象、教学方法及语言测试四个方面阐述了研究结果对对外汉语教学的启示,并指出本研究的不足及对未来美国学生汉语口语交际策略研究的启示。
[Abstract]:In the field of second language acquisition, the study of learner differences is relatively weak. In the field of Chinese as a second language, the study of learners' oral communication strategies is still in its infancy. Based on the existing studies on oral communication strategies, this thesis uses questionnaires and interviews to study the use of oral communication strategies among American students at intermediate level. This paper investigates the relationship between the use of Chinese oral communication strategies and the influencing factors, and the relationship between the use of Chinese oral communication strategies and the communicative effects. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter describes the reason and significance of the topic, research problems and objectives, research methods and innovations. At present, the academic research on Chinese learning for American students is focused on error analysis and contrastive analysis, learning strategies are slightly involved, but there are few special research results on American students' spoken Chinese communication strategies. Therefore, this study can not only provide the basic information and basis for the future study of American students' oral Chinese teaching and the strategy of oral Chinese communication, but also provide reference and guidance for American Chinese teaching. The second chapter reviews the domestic and foreign academic research on oral communication strategies, from the theoretical research and empirical research on the two aspects of combing and expounding, and analyzes the current situation and shortcomings of oral communication strategies. The third chapter introduces the research design of this study, including survey object, research tools, data collection and analysis. In this study, 52 American students were enrolled in Chinese intermediate classes in Nanjing University, Southeast University, Beijing language and language University and Northeast normal University. The research tools are questionnaire and interview recording. The questionnaire consists of individual factors questionnaire and oral communication strategy questionnaire. In this study, descriptive statistics, independent sample T test, Pearson correlation analysis and variance analysis were used to analyze the questionnaire data. The fourth chapter is the research results and discussion. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the frequency of using spoken Chinese communication strategies in the native language environment of American students at intermediate level is nonverbal behavior strategies, retrieval strategies, help-seeking strategies, borrowing strategies and reporting strategies. Reduction strategies. (2) in the target language environment, American students at the intermediate level use non-verbal behavior strategies, retrieval strategies, help strategies, paraphrase strategies, and reduction strategies from high to low. Borrowing strategies. (3) American students at the intermediate level will use oral communication strategies more frequently in the target language environment. (4) the use of borrowing strategies is related to the context in which they are used. That is, the mother tongue environment or the target language environment has an effect on the frequency and tendency of using borrowed strategies. (5) gender, personality, learning time and motivation have significant effects on the use of some strategies. And the influence changes with the change of using environment. (6) the reduction strategy is negatively correlated with the communicative effect, while the other five strategies have a significant positive correlation with the communicative effect. The fifth chapter summarizes the results of the research, from the teaching environment, teaching objects, teaching methods and language testing four aspects of the results of the study on Chinese as a foreign language teaching enlightenment. It also points out the deficiency of the present study and its implications for the future study of spoken Chinese communication strategies for American students.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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