山西文水方言的趋向动词及其语法化研究

发布时间：2019-04-27 19:57

【摘要】：本文以山西省文水县全域的趋向动词为讨论对象。文水县地处山西中部,离省会城市太原约80公里。1987年版的《中国语言地图集》将文水方言归入晋语并州片。1993年版的《山西方言调查研究报告》将文水方言归入山西中区方言太原片。本文首先从描写语言学的角度,重点描写文水方言趋向动词表位移的用法：1.趋向动词可以进入的句法格式。2.趋向动词带宾语时,宾语类型和位置。3.趋向动词做补语时,前动词的类型。4.动趋式带宾语时,宾语类型、宾语位置的考察。5.趋向补语的可能式和反复问形式。这一部分的研究力求对文水方言趋向动词的基本用法做一个详尽、仔细的描写。在描写的过程中,同时关注普通话、周边方言的用法,及时进行共时层面的比较。然后,本文主要选取“来”、“上”、“下”、“起”、“过来”等发生了语法化的5个趋向动词进行考察。连动结构后项的“来”虚化成了先事时标记和表示邀请对方共同做事的语气词；动趋式中的“来”进一步虚化为形成某种结果的原因意义的过去时态助词；“上”虚化成了实现体标记和方式性类词缀成分；“下”虚化为完成体标记和方式性类词缀；“起”虚化成了起始体标记；“过来”虚化为表示“……的时候”的时间成分。通过这一部分内容的研究,力求在解释趋向动词所表现出的不同语义的基础上,探究其演变的轨迹,构拟其具体演变过程。在研究的过程中,既关注这些趋向动词在发展演变过程中所体现出来的共性,又关注这些趋向动词语法化的不同类型。其中的共性体现在以下几个方面：即在发展过程中基本遵循从谓语到补语,从趋向义补语到结果义、状态义的演变路径,语义上基本是由表示具体空间位移向抽象位移演变,再进一步向时体意义虚化,还会进一步变成动词或者形容词的附着成分。影响其演变的主要机制是泛化、隐喻、重新分析、类推等。我们期待,本文的研究可以为山西晋语乃至整个晋语和晋语史的研究提供更加丰富、翔实的材料；可以将描写语法学与语法化理论有机地结合起来,使得注重历史文献的语法化理论与活的语言结合起来,推动语法化理论在汉语研究中的发展。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the trend verb of Wenshui County in Shanxi Province as the object of discussion. Wenshui County is located in the middle of Shanxi. The 1987 edition of the Chinese language Atlas classified Wenshui dialect into Shanxi dialect Huizhou piece. The 1993 edition of Shanxi dialect investigation report classified Wenshui dialect into Shanxi Central dialect Taiyuan piece. First of all, from the perspective of descriptive linguistics, this paper focuses on the usage of Wenshui dialect towards verb epitope shift: 1. Syntactic forms in which directional verbs can be entered. 2. When the verb tends to have an object, the type and position of the object. 3. When a directional verb is used as a complement, the type of the preceding verb. 4. The type of object and the position of object. 5. The possible and repetitive forms of a directional complement. This part of the study tries to make a detailed and careful description of the basic usage of trend verbs in Wenshui dialect. In the process of description, at the same time pay attention to the use of Putonghua, peripheral dialects, timely comparison at the synchronic level. Then, this paper mainly selects "Lai", "upper", "lower", "up", "come" and so on, which have taken place in the grammaticalization of five tendency verbs to carry on the investigation. The "come" of the latter item becomes the modal word of inviting each other to do things together, and the "come" in the dynamic tendency is further reduced to the past tense auxiliary word which forms the cause meaning of a certain result, and the former tense auxiliary word of "come" is further reduced to the former tense auxiliary word which forms the cause meaning of a certain result. The "upper" has become the realization aspect mark and the mode sex class affix component; the "lower" has become the perfect aspect mark and the mode sex class affix; the "start" has become the beginning aspect mark; the "come" becomes the representation. The time component of the time. Through the study of this part of the content, on the basis of explaining the different semantics of the tendency verb, the author tries to explore its evolution track and construct its concrete evolution process. In the course of the research, we not only pay attention to the commonness of these trend verbs in the process of development and evolution, but also pay attention to the different types of the grammaticalization of these trend verbs. The commonness of them is embodied in the following aspects: in the process of development, we basically follow the evolution path from predicate to complement, from trend complement to result meaning, and from state meaning to semantic change from concrete spatial displacement to abstract displacement. If we go further, we will become the adjunctive elements of verbs or adjectives. The main mechanisms influencing its evolution are generalization, metaphor, reanalysis, analogy and so on. We expect that the research in this paper can provide more abundant and accurate materials for Shanxi Jinyu and even the whole Jinyu and Jinyu history research; The theory of descriptive grammar and grammaticalization can be combined organically so as to combine the grammaticalization theory of historical literature with living language and promote the development of grammaticalization theory in the study of Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H17

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