针对欧洲初级学生的汉语教学思考

发布时间：2019-05-07 05:59

【摘要】：本文主要研究了当前对欧汉语教学中存在的几个问题。首先,本文简要介绍了一些传统的及非传统的教学方法。根据这些方法,研究了这些问题产生的背景,原因及其影响,同时提出了解决这些问题的方法。本文研究的问题包括：汉语教学法的针对性问题、重复性差的问题、生字的识辨问题、缺乏系统性的问题、练习应该充足且适合学习者特点的问题、以及考虑外国人的文化和习惯的问题。欧洲的外语教学专家一致认为,教授一门外语的时候,一定要考虑学生的母语。然而教汉语的时候,母语是完全不被考虑的。这样,学习汉语对欧洲人来说成了一件难事。重复性也是几乎每一个外语教学专家都重视的问题。语言不是一种知识,要人们背下来；而是一个系统,要人们熟练使用。为了达到这个目的,重复性成了教学过程中不可或缺的一部分。然而,很多对外汉语教材却忽略了这个问题,因而让汉语学习变得很难。对非汉字文化圈的学生来说,汉字教学是很重要的问题。怎么让他们慢慢习惯使用汉字而不害怕汉字也是不易解决的问题。在外语教学中,系统性也是很多专家都说过的问题,它也是从外语教学中必不可少的部分。然而,令人遗憾的是,很多对外汉语教材却从来没有考虑过这个问题。学习语言肯定需要做练习,而且也要做有用和有意思的练习。很多教汉语的课本却缺少练习。更有甚者,一些练习脱离实际需要,这些都是我们并不乐见的。各个国家和地区都有各自的文化和习俗。因此,每个学生都会遇到可以接受的、很难接受的和完全没有办法接受的事情,亦会遇到兴趣浓厚的、深觉无聊的或难以忍受的课文。如果编写课本的时候不考虑这个问题,忽视了具体的文化和习俗,就很可能导致很多外国人放弃学习汉语或者让他们觉得学习汉语艰难而枯燥。所有这些问题,都有一个可以解决的办法。即,在编写课本,考虑对欧汉语教学法的时候,中国的专家和外国的专家应该精诚合作。只有共同努力,方能让汉语不再难学。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies several problems existing in the teaching of European Chinese. First of all, this paper briefly introduces some traditional and non-traditional teaching methods. According to these methods, the background, causes and effects of these problems are studied, and the methods to solve these problems are also proposed. The problems studied in this paper include: the targeted problem of Chinese teaching method, the problem of poor repetition, the problem of identification and identification of Chinese characters, the lack of systematic problems, and the problem that the practice should be adequate and suitable for learners' characteristics. And consider the culture and customs of foreigners. European foreign language teaching experts agree that when teaching a foreign language, you must consider the student's mother tongue. However, when teaching Chinese, mother tongue is not considered at all. In this way, learning Chinese is a difficult task for Europeans. Repeatability is also a problem that almost every foreign language teaching expert pays attention to. Language is not a kind of knowledge, it requires people to memorize; it is a system that requires people to use it skillfully. In order to achieve this goal, repeatability has become an indispensable part of the teaching process. However, many TCFL textbooks ignore this problem, which makes it difficult to learn Chinese. The teaching of Chinese characters is a very important problem for the students who are not in the cultural circle of Chinese characters. How to let them slowly get used to using Chinese characters without fear of Chinese characters is also a difficult problem to solve. In foreign language teaching, systematicness is also a problem that many experts have said, and it is also an indispensable part of foreign language teaching. Unfortunately, however, many TCFL textbooks have never considered this issue. Learning a language certainly requires practice, as well as useful and interesting exercises. Many textbooks that teach Chinese are short of practice. What's more, some of the exercises we don't like to see are off-the-shelf. Each country and region has its own culture and customs. Therefore, every student will encounter acceptable, difficult and totally unacceptable things, as well as interesting, deeply boring or intolerable texts. If the textbook is written without considering this problem and ignoring specific culture and customs, it is likely that many foreigners will give up learning Chinese or make them find it difficult and boring to learn Chinese. There is a solution to all these problems. That is, Chinese experts and foreign experts should cooperate sincerely in the preparation of textbooks and consideration of the European language teaching method. Only by working together can the Chinese language be no longer difficult to learn.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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