普通话婴幼儿输入语言中动词和名词的韵律特征

发布时间：2019-05-12 09:49

【摘要】：在词类问题上,汉语和印欧语存在根本区别。本研究目的是探索汉语婴幼儿早期句法范畴的习得机制,通过分析母亲的输入语言,揭示汉语婴幼儿习得名词和动词范畴过程中,是否有可能利用某些语音韵律特征来区分名词和动词。我们采用无意义的同音异形动词和名词对,嵌入母亲使用的高频动词和名词短句中,分析了20位普通话母亲的输入语音中的动词和名词的韵律特征,发现孤立单念的名词和动词的韵律特征没有差异,而在设计的动词和名词短语中,母亲的输入语音在韵律特征上有差异,首先显著地表现为第二音节的平均音高差异,其次为第一音节与第二音节的时长比。用韵律参数进行区分实验,我们得到60—70%的动词和名词可以得到正确区分。我们推测这些韵律特征差异可以帮助婴幼儿获得连续话语中词类的区分信息,即韵律特征是婴幼儿习得连续话语中的不同词类范畴的有效信息之一。
[Abstract]:On the part of speech, there are fundamental differences between Chinese and Indo-European. The purpose of this study is to explore the acquisition mechanism of early syntactic categories in Chinese infants and young children, and to reveal the process of learning nouns and verbs in Chinese infants by analyzing the input language of mothers. Whether it is possible to use certain phonological prosodic features to distinguish between nouns and verbs. The prosodic features of verbs and nouns in the input pronunciation of 20 Putonghua mothers are analyzed using meaningless homonymy and noun pairs embedded in the high frequency verbs and noun sentences used by their mothers. It is found that there is no difference in prosodic features between isolated monosyllabic nouns and verbs, but in the designed verbs and noun phrases, the mother's input pronunciation is different in prosodic features, first of all, it is significantly different in the average pitch of the second syllable. The second is the time-length ratio of the first syllable to the second syllable. Using prosodic parameters to distinguish, we get that 60% of verbs and nouns can be correctly distinguished. We speculate that these prosodic differences can help infants to obtain the differential information of parts of speech in continuous discourse, that is, prosodic features are one of the effective information of different categories of words in the acquisition of continuous discourse for infants and young children.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院语言研究所;加拿大魁北克大学;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目“普通话婴幼儿的早期词汇发展”(编号08AYY02) 中国社会科学院重点项目“汉语儿童语言习得语音库”支持
【分类号】：H193.1

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