“（是）SVO的”句式的共时与历时考察

发布时间：2019-05-25 03:47

【摘要】：本文在前人研究的基础上，采用共时与历时相结合的研究方法，对现代汉语“（是）……的”类句式中的一个特殊小类——“（是）SVO的”句式进行了多方探讨。除绪论外，本文第一章着重描写了“（是）SVO的”句式的共时平面特点。我们从句法与语义两方面对该句式进行了探讨。句法上我们首先从整体上对该句式进行了一个概说，然后对焦点标记“是”与句末语气词“的”的句法属性及其相互关系进行了探讨，最后分析了动词V与宾语O的句法特征。语义上我们主要探讨了该句式对责任者的确认作用及其已然义特性。在共时描写时我们发现该句式在现代汉语中的使用频率并不高，且动词V与宾语O之间没有典型的“动作-受事”关系。另外，该句式中的“（是）……的”结构也不稳固，，作为语气词的“的”可以被其他的语气词替代。这些特征似乎表明该句式在现代汉语中还未完全成熟。关于这一点我们将在第三章从历时的角度加以证明。第二章我们对比了与“（是）SVO的”句式形式上比较接近的“（是）SV的O”句式，以期能更加彰显“（是）SVO的”的独特属性。我们发现二者在动词V与宾语O的关系、“是”与“的”的关系、句式的话题衔接功能这几个方面有所不同。这些不同点使我们倾向于认为“（是）SV的O”句式在现代汉语中要比“（是）SVO的”句式成熟得多，因为其种种句法表现都趋于稳固。第三章从历时的角度对该句式的语法化形成过程进行了一个考察。我们认为“（是）SVO的”句式最早起源于唐宋时期的判断句，经过“是”的焦点化、定语小句句法地位的上升、话题主语NP的省略、动词V的不及物化等过程，在明清时期才最终成型。从形成时间上来看，“（是）SVO的”句式要比其他“（是）……的”类句式晚得多。即使在该句式末期的明清时期，其使用频率也不高，动词V与宾语O之间也未发展成典型的“动作-受事”关系。这种种非典型的特征使得“（是）SVO的”句式显示出一种未完全成熟的状态。这样，我们就从历时的角度解释了“（是）SVO的”句式的共时特点。最后一章对本文的研究进行了一个总结，包括理论与方法上的不足。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, this paper adopts the combination of synchronic and diachronic research methods to study modern Chinese. The sentence pattern of "(yes) SVO", a special small class in the class sentence pattern, is discussed in many ways. In addition to the introduction, the first chapter of this paper focuses on the synchronic plane characteristics of "(yes) SVO" sentence. We discuss the sentence pattern from both syntactic and semantic aspects. Syntactically, we first give an overview of the sentence pattern as a whole, then discuss the syntactic attributes of the focus mark "is" and the modal words at the end of the sentence, and finally analyze the syntactic features of the verb V and the object O. In semantics, we mainly discuss the confirmation effect of the sentence pattern on the responsible person and its semantic characteristics. In synchronic description, we find that the frequency of use of the sentence pattern in modern Chinese is not high, and there is no typical "action-acceptance" relationship between verb V and object O. In addition, the "(yes)" in the sentence pattern. As modal words, they can be replaced by other mood words. These characteristics seem to indicate that the sentence pattern is not yet fully mature in modern Chinese. We will prove this in Chapter three from a diachronic point of view. In the second chapter, we compare the O "sentence pattern of SV, which is close to the sentence pattern of" (yes) SVO ", in order to highlight the unique attribute of" (yes) SVO ". We find that the relationship between verb V and object O, the relationship between "yes and", and the topic cohesion function of sentence pattern are different. These differences make us tend to think that the "(yes) SV O" sentence pattern is much more mature in modern Chinese than the "(yes) SVO" sentence pattern, because its various syntactic expressions tend to be stable. The third chapter makes an investigation on the grammaticalization process of the sentence pattern from a diachronic point of view. We think that the sentence pattern of "(yes) SVO" originated from the judgment sentence in Tang and Song dynasties. After the focal point of "yes", the rising syntactic status of attributive clause, the omission of topic subject NP, the inmaterialization of verb V and so on. It was only in the Ming and Qing dynasties that it finally took shape. From the point of view of formation time, the sentence pattern of "(yes) SVO" is more than that of others "(yes). The sentence pattern is much later. Even in the Ming and Qing dynasties at the end of the sentence pattern, the frequency of its use was not high, and the verb V and the object O did not develop into a typical "action-acceptance" relationship. These atypical characteristics make the sentence pattern of (yes) SVO show an immature state. In this way, we explain the synchronic characteristics of SVO sentence form from a diachronic point of view. The last chapter summarizes the research of this paper, including the shortcomings of theory and method.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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