论谈夏嘎巴道歌

发布时间：2018-05-05 09:47

本文选题：夏嘎巴 + 道歌　；参考：《西藏大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界上任何一个民族和文明有其一定的历史背景和有其一定的周围环境的条件，故肯定以上两种中而产生出来，我们绝不能凭其优劣和真假倾向去判断和评估可以说是一个不良的现象，比如说我们藏民族的道歌，是一个历史非常悠久的文体，那些道歌在不同时代肯定各自为当时的社会留下了深有的影响力。本人在这里所讲的夏嘎巴道歌而言，夏嘎巴不仅继承了米拉热巴等诸前辈高僧大德所著道歌文风而且尚汇集了民间歌谣、古今中外故事、教诲、历史、传记、《萨迦格言》和《夏日岗日玛》等精华部分而写成，他道歌的最大优点便是隐蔽的东西公开化，较难理解的内容写得非常通俗易懂，高中低三种不同水平的人都能容易理解，不仅具备以上特点而且思想内容和艺术表达上也与藏民族劳动人民的道德观、审美观和世界观相吻合又适宜广大藏族人民的口味，听起来就容易理解且感受到心情非常快乐，内容丰富，歌词生动感人，称心如意，又曾未用古文和典故，对社会上不良的风气和现象敢于当面以严词揭露和批判。夏嘎巴家乡多麦热贡地区昔日发生不少强盗、土匪和战乱，由于他曾经亲受过那些遭遇对那些历史的悲剧非常反感，以上悲剧和反感的思想情绪在他的道歌的歌词中反映出来。因此，他们道歌具有民族特性、文学特性和历史特性。故本人尽自己力量为他和他的道歌予以简要分析和评估，其具体内容如下：第一段落中介绍夏嘎巴传记和他的有关杰作。因为当今的不少青少年欠缺这位贤哲的了解；尤其他的有关名著了解得更加欠缺，所以本人在这里想让后者更加了解这位贤者及他的著作而加了这一段。第二段落中介绍了五月会供和阿吾加布法会。那为什么叫五月会供呢？五月会供是指夏嘎巴大师曾在阿吾加布圆寂后，雅玛扎西其寺（他的母寺）为了纪念他的圆寂，至今仍在雅玛扎西其寺内藏历五月二十三日至二十五日间举行法会供养之规。阿吾加布是大师圆寂的地名。现在以加吾朗仓为主的热贡上中下三部每年藏历五月十五日在阿吾加布地方为了纪念该大师举行一次供奉方式的众会就叫做阿吾加布众会。从这旧规中可以看出藏民族是一个对历史人物尊重和敬仰且有骨气的民族。从直接和间接两方面可以看得出这位伟人在雪域高原藏区曾经奉献了多么巨大的贡献啊。第三段落中讲述有关道歌总说和研究夏嘎巴道歌目前的处境。我在这里想说的便是有关夏嘎巴道歌的内容，同时写进去一些藏民族道歌的简要来历和发展情况，因夏嘎巴道歌虽然名声远扬，但却研究他道歌的人甚少，所以加了一些这方面的简要内容。第四段落中简要论述如何产生夏嘎巴道歌及其产生的原因，原分有三层内容：第一，有一宏亮的声音；第二，开始征得广大智慧；第三，他有一个乐于触人和与人爱开玩笑的性格。因分有二层内容：第一，保持前辈高僧大德的优良传统；第二，当时社会状态为依据。由于上述的优越条件他就能够发表了那么多道歌也能够略知他发表如此大量道歌的主要原因。第五段落中讲述有关他的道歌思想内容。其主要内容分有一下几个方面：第一，讽刺和揭破触犯戒律条款宗教人士的现象；第二，赞美藏区各地的重大圣地；第三，彻底揭露和批判社会上一切非法行为；第四，指出了正法的甚深密义；第五，主张报答上师和父母的重恩；第六，提出人们安居乐业必须依靠和谐社会的环境。总共分有以上六个方面内容，从中又能略知这位大师的思想品德的高尚和世界观。第六段落中论述，有关大师道歌艺术特点，其主要特点分有以下八个方面：第一，实践性强内容通俗易懂；第二，周围环境描绘得非常生动；第三，采用了多种修辞方法；第四，有安多民歌的风味；第五，讽刺性甚强；第六，具有较强的感染力；第七，受《萨迦格言》影响较突出；第八，浪漫主义手法与深密法观相结合。第七段落中主要讲有关大师道歌的种类，分有以下六种类：第一，自策道歌；第二，赞地道歌；第三，教诲道歌；第四，哀呼道歌；第五，讽刺道歌；第六，呈书道歌等。总而言之，本论文不是随着他人的口传更不是未经实地调查和依据的胡言乱语，本人利用一年余宝贵时间经过千辛万苦的实地调查翻阅不少书籍和珍贵资料而编写，在写作过程中始终与这位大师《自传》上下二册、《道歌》上下二册等书籍昼夜进行了反复精读和认真分析。除此而外，亲自多次前往大师诞生圣地众多村庄采访已年迈龄高的长老僧人和有名咒师，尤其在大师圆寂之地阿吾加布寻找和搜集与我论文相关的珍贵资料，，其中部分是来自西藏阿里，因大师曾在阿里传教活动时间较长，有人传在阿里有大师的灵塔，所以本人亲自去采访与曾大师很有了解的人，然后进行认真分析为基础而获得的成果，这一成果更离不开我尊敬指导老师拉巴群培的耐心指教。这份论文目前圆满编毕。
[Abstract]:Any nation and civilization in the world has its certain historical background and the conditions of its surrounding environment, so it is affirmed that the above two forms come out. We can never judge and evaluate it by its good and bad and true or false tendency. For example, we have a long history with a long history. In the different ages, those songs have definitely had a deep influence on the society at that time.
In terms of the Chana song that I speak here, he not only inherited the folk songs of the senior monks and dadais, but also collected the folk songs, the ancient and modern stories, the teachings, the history, the biography, the essayas of the Sacha and the summer sun Ma, and the greatest advantage of his song is the concealed thing. Open, more difficult to understand the content is very easy to write, high school and low three different levels of people can easily understand, not only with the above characteristics but also the ideological content and artistic expression with the Tibetan working people's moral concept, aesthetic and world outlook and suitable for the taste of the Tibetan people, it sounds easy to understand. And feeling very happy mood, rich content, vivid and moving lyrics, satisfactory, and did not use ancient texts and allusions, and dare to expose and criticize the bad customs and phenomena in society. The tragedy of history is very disgusting, and the thoughts and emotions of the above tragedies and antipathy are reflected in the lyrics of his song. Therefore, they have national, literary and historical characteristics. Therefore, I do their own strength to give a brief analysis and evaluation to him and his song, with the following contents:
The first paragraph introduces the biography of Xia GBA and his masterpiece. Because many of the young people today lack the understanding of the sage, especially the other books on the famous works, I want the latter to know more about the sage and his works.
The second paragraph introduces the May conference and the Abu, which is why May will be supplied, and the May conference is the master of the mazabi Temple (his mother temple) in commemoration of his silence after the silence of the master of the abzabi (his mother temple), which is still held in the temple of ymazashi from May 23rd to twenty-five. It is a place name for the master. The name of the master's silence is the name of the master. Now the three people in the Ka Goro warehouse, the middle and the middle and the middle and the middle, are called the congregation in May 15th. From the two aspects of direct and indirect, we can see how great the great man has contributed to the Tibetan Plateau in the snow covered plateau.
The third paragraph tells the story of the song and the study of the current situation of the song of Xia GA ba. What I want to say here is about the content of the song of Xia GA Ba, and the brief history and development of some Tibetan folk songs. The brief content of the surface.
The fourth paragraph briefly discusses how to produce the song of the Xia GA Ba Tao and its causes, which is divided into three layers: first, there is a bright sound; second, the beginning of the broad wisdom; third, he has a happy personality and a joking character with people. Because there are two layers of internal capacity: first, to maintain the superior tradition of the former senior monk Dad Second, the state of the society was based on that. Because of the above conditions, he would be able to publish so many songs and know the main reasons for his publication of such a large number of songs.
The fifth paragraph tells the content of his song of Tao. The main contents are divided into several aspects: first, ironically and uncovering the phenomenon of the religious persons who violate the provisions of the precepts; second, praise the major holy places all over the Tibetan area; third, thoroughly expose and criticize all non legal acts in the society; and fourth, point out the profound meaning of the positive law; Fifth, it advocates to repay the heavy grace of the teachers and their parents. Sixth, it is suggested that people must rely on the environment of harmonious society. There are all the above six aspects in all. From this, we can know the noble moral character of the master and the world outlook.
In the sixth paragraph, the main features of the master Tao song are described in the following eight aspects: first, the practical and strong content is easy to understand; second, the surrounding environment is vividly depicted; third, the use of various rhetorical methods; fourth, the wind of Ando folk songs; fifth, ironic and strong; sixth, strong sense. Sixth. Sixth, strong sense Seventh, it is more prominent by the "saga motto"; Eighth, the combination of romanticism and deep secret theory.
The seventh paragraphs mainly talk about the types of master song, including the following six categories: first, self cursing song; second, Zan Dao song; third, teaching song; fourth, mourning song; fifth, sarcasm song; sixth, presenting Book songs, etc.
In a word, this paper is not with other people's oral biography, but not without field investigation and nonsense. I used a year of Yu Baogui time to read a lot of books and valuable materials through a hard and hard field survey. In the process of writing, I have always been with the master "two books", "Tao song > two books" and so on. During the day and night, repeated intensive reading and careful analysis were carried out. In addition, there were many visits to the old age old monks and the famous mantra in the many villages of the maestro's birth place. Especially in the master's quiet place, the precious materials related to my thesis were found and collected from the Tibet Ali, and the master was in Ali. After a long period of missionary activities, some people have a great master in the spiritual tower of Ali. So I personally interview people who have a good understanding of master Zeng, and then carry out the results obtained on the basis of careful analysis. This achievement can not be separated from my respect for the patient guidance of the instructor Raba group. The paper is now successfully finished.

【学位授予单位】：西藏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：I207.9

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