袁宏道尺牍文学研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 00:22

本文选题：袁宏道 + 尺牍文学　；参考：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：袁宏道是明朝晚期文学革新运动的代表人物,同时也是公安派文人的代表,他们主张“性灵”以及“不拘格套”的文学观念,文学审美上提倡“真情”和“直抒胸臆”。晚明时期,尺牍文学以其独特的文体盛行于世,在尺牍文学的变化和革新中,袁宏道是一位关键性的人物。尺牍即书信,本是不用于发表的个人私密,通常篇幅不长,以沟通感情和叙述事情为主,最大的特点就是可以看出写信人的性情和思想。因此,尺牍是文人心灵独白的一种载体。袁宏道用尺牍表达自己的真性情、吐露自己的心声,他的文学艺术和审美在其中发挥得淋漓尽致。在晚明文学思潮的冲击下,尺牍这一实用性文体由于文人主体情志的介入,也呈现朝抒情写意的方向演化的趋势,在李贽等文人笔下发生新变的、追求真趣、性灵的尺牍文,已然成为晚明小品的一个重要门类。新变后的尺牍,从各个方面显示出全新的姿态。纵观袁宏道的尺牍作品,我们可以发现这些尺牍作品共有以下几项内容:诉为官之苦、谈诗论文、参禅悟道、结友、游山玩水等,本文通过对袁宏道尺牍分期分级的解读,展示吴中时期、北京时期、隐居时期这三个不同时期的尺牍所显现的思想内容的不同,从而探讨袁宏道的思想变化。吴中时期的尺牍,主要抒写为令之苦,渴望一己之乐,宣扬与儒家济世救民思想背道而驰的自适的处世态度:由儒入禅;北京时期的尺牍,显示袁宏道开始其思想的第一次重大转变:由禅入净;隐居公安时期的尺牍,记载了袁宏道思想发生的又一次重大转变:由禅归儒。袁宏道的思想是儒释道的结晶,其忠孝观点是儒家的,自适归隐之心是属于道家的,恬淡之心又是佛家的。因此袁宏道的思想不仅与阳明心学、佛、道有关,而且还和杨朱思想有关。本文通过袁宏道在不同时期尺牍中所显现的思想内容的不同,来探讨袁宏道的思想受到了晚明哪些思潮的影响,以及所反映出的具有晚明文人普遍代表性的心路成长历程。在本文中,李贽和江盈科分别是两个重要的论点,李贽是袁宏道思想的启蒙老师,袁宏道对于李贽的思想既有继承性,也存在相当部分的批判性。江盈科则是公安派的重要羽翼,也是公安派最忠实的理论实践者,对公安派的诗歌创作和理论发展有重大的推动作用。袁宏道的尺牍是他真情的流露,跟那些复古、呆板的文章形成了鲜明的对比。袁宏道的尺牍内容大都是日常生活的琐碎事情以及思想主张,所以从中我们可以看出他的文学态度和人生价值观。因此研究袁宏道的尺牍对于了解袁宏道的一生具有非常重要的价值和意义。从尺牍所勾画的人生历程,来看袁宏道的思想演变轨迹,袁宏道原本决意冲破伦理和教化的束缚,追求无遮拦的自由,最后还是跳不出传统的怪圈,成为晚明自我觉醒、个性独立的文人在群体意识至上的境遇中无所适从的典型代表。袁宏道把实用文体的尺牍改造成抒发性灵的文学体裁,使尺牍获得了独特的艺术魅力,就其尺牍攀升的美学境界而言,袁宏道不愧为尺牍文学史上可与苏轼等名流相提并论的尺牍文学大师,其尺牍艺术风格如行云流水,感情奔放,情文并茂,他善用排喻和俚俗常言,所创作的作品雅俗共赏。清代的文人更加注重文章的经世致用,公安派文学主张追求文章“独抒性灵,不拘俗套”的学术理论,完全不符合清代政治的需求,因此尺牍文学兴盛了一段时间后,渐渐淡出了人们的视野,直至最后完全消失,主要原因有三点:一是于当时的政治教化无益,二是与清代文风相悖,三是认为尺牍内容不严谨。近代的很多文人都对袁宏道以及公安派存在特殊的情感,对于清朝时期政治家对尺牍文学以及袁宏道和公安派的诋毁表示严重不满,他们为了让世人重新认识袁宏道这位晚明文学家,合力编制出版了《袁中郎全集》,同时也希望可以给袁宏道翻案。当时袁宏道以及作品能够重新兴盛的原因主要有以下两点:一是推崇袁宏道的“性灵”文学,不只是想为袁宏道翻案,更是想借助这一有利武器来批判旧文学;二是欣赏明代的小品文,其艺术方法对于近代散文的发展有积极借鉴和推动作用。对袁宏道以及公安派的研究是一个循序渐进的过程。综观20世纪以来的袁宏道研究,经过梳理,主要集中在文学性、思想性和作品研究三个方面。单从尺牍文体来进行研究的成果较少。我们清点一下袁宏道尺牍创作在其诗文集中所占的份量,就更惊讶:在袁宏道散文创作中占去半壁江山的尺牍研究,在袁宏道研究中所占比例之小。研究显示,我国学者对袁宏道的研究大都集中于他的文学思想、文学革新、散文创作以及美学思想中,却很少涉及到尺牍文学的研究。袁宏道的尺牍作品在他一生的文学创作中占据着很大的比例,但是关于他的尺牍研究却没有与之成正比关系。探究袁宏道的生平经历,尺牍应该是其中的一项关键内容。所以,袁宏道尺牍文学可以作为一项关键的课题进行研究。本文主要对袁宏道的尺牍文学进行了深入的探究分析,同时这也是本文的研究重点。
[Abstract]:Yuan Hongdao, the representative of the late Ming Dynasty literary innovation movement, was also the representative of the public security scholars. They advocated the literary concept of "spirit" and "unrestricted". The literary aesthetics advocated the "true love" and "direct expression". In the late Ming Dynasty, the literature of the letter of correspondence was prevailing in the world and the changes in the literature of the letter. In the course of innovation, Yuan Hongdao is a key figure. The letter is a letter. This is a personal secret that is not used for publication. Usually, the length is not long. The main feature is to communicate feelings and narration. The greatest feature is to see the character and thought of the writer. Therefore, the letter is a carrier of the literati's monologue. Yuan Hongdao uses the letter to express himself. Under the impact of the literary trend of the late Ming Dynasty, the practical style of the letter of letter, due to the intervention of the subjective feelings of the literati, also presents the trend of the evolution of the lyric and freehand direction in the light of the late Ming literature trend. In Li Zhi and other literati, it has changed and pursued the true interest and spirit. It has become an important category in the late Ming Dynasty. The new postures have shown a new posture from all aspects. In the light of Yuan Hongdao's paper, we can find that these pieces of correspondence have the following contents: the complaint is the bitter of the official, the poetry paper, the Zen and the understanding, the friends, the mountains and the mountains, and so on. This article through to Yuan Hongdao The reading of the steps and grades shows the differences in the ideological content displayed in the three different periods of the Wu middle period, Beijing period and the recluse period, thus exploring the change of Yuan Hongdao's thought. From the Confucianism into the Zen; the Beijing period of the Du Du, shows that Yuan Hongdao began his first major transformation of his thought: from the Zen into the net and the seclusion of the public security period, records of another major change in the occurrence of Yuan Hongdao thought: from the Zen to Confucianism. Yuan Hongdao's thought is the crystallization of Confucianism and Buddhism, its loyalty and filial piety is the Confucian, self adapted heart is the heart of adaptation is the heart of adaptation is the heart of self adaptation is the heart of self adaptation is the heart of self adaptation is the heart of self adapted to the hidden heart It belongs to the Taoist family, and the tranquil heart is Buddhism. Therefore, Yuan Hongdao's thought is not only related to Yang Ming's learning, Buddhism and Taoism, but also related to Yang Zhu's thought. This article explores the influence of Yuan Hongdao's Thoughts on what thoughts in the late Ming Dynasty through the differences in the ideological content of Yuan Hongdao in different periods of time and reflected in the reflections. In this article, Li Zhi and Jiang Ying are two important points, Li Zhi is the enlightenment teacher of Yuan Hongdao thought, Yuan Hongdao is both inheriting and critical of Li Zhi's thought. Jiang Ying is an important wing of the public security school and the most loyal of the public security school. The practical theory practitioner has a great impetus to the poetic creation and theory development of the public security school. Yuan Hongdao's bamboo and wooden documents are the revelation of his true feelings. It has formed a sharp contrast with those of the old and dull articles. The contents of Yuan Hongdao's letters are mostly trivial things of daily life and ideas, so we can see him from it. Therefore, the study of Yuan Hongdao's correspondence is of great value and significance to the understanding of Yuan Hongdao's life. From the course of life outlined by the Du Du, Yuan Hongdao is determined to break through the binding of ethics and enlightenment, and to pursue the freedom of Yuan Hongdao. At last, it still does not jump. The traditional strange circle has become a typical representative of the self-awakening of the late Ming Dynasty and the independence of the literati in the plight of group consciousness. Yuan Hongdao transformed the practical style of the slips into a literary genre to express the unique artistic charm of the slips. In terms of the aesthetic realm of the climbing of the bamboo slips, Yuan Hongdao is worthy of a ruler. In the history of Du Du literature, the literary master of the letters, which can be compared with Su Shi and other celebrities, has the artistic style, such as the flowing water, the unrestrained feelings and the affections. He is good at using the metonymy and vulgar language, and the works are refined and appreciated. The scholars of the Qing Dynasty pay more attention to the essays, and the public security literature advocates the pursuit of the article "to express the spirit alone, not to be restrained." The academic theory of the "common set" was completely incompatible with the political needs of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, after a period of time in the flourishing of the literature, the literature gradually fade out of people's horizons, until the last complete disappearance. The main reasons are three points: one is that the political enlightenment at that time is not beneficial, the two is contrary to the Qing Dynasty style, and the three is that the contents of the paper are not strict. A lot of modern times The literati had special feelings for Yuan Hongdao and the public security school. They expressed serious dissatisfaction with the statesmen of the Qing Dynasty, as well as the defamation of Yuan Hongdao and the public security school. In order to make the world re aware of Yuan Hongdao, a late Ming writer, they have compiled and published the complete works of Yuan Zhong Lang. At the same time, they hope to turn the case to Yuan Hongdao. At that time, there were two main reasons for Yuan Hongdao and his works to flourish. One was to praise Yuan Hongdao's "spirit" literature, not just to turn the case for Yuan Hongdao, but also to criticize the old literature with the aid of this weapon; two, to appreciate the literary essays of the Ming Dynasty, and the art formula for the development of modern prose. The study of Yuan Hongdao and the public security school is a gradual process. In a comprehensive survey of the study of Yuan Hongdao since twentieth Century, after combing, mainly concentrated in three aspects of literary, ideological and work research. The results of the study only from the style of the letter of letter are less. We clear the writing of Yuan Hongdao's letters and letters in his poetry and prose. The portion of the account is more surprising: the study of Yuan Hongdao's prose in his prose is small in the proportion of Yuan Hongdao's studies. The study shows that most of the studies of Yuan Hongdao in our country are concentrated on his literary ideas, literary innovations, essays and aesthetic ideas, but seldom involved in the study of the literature of the paper. The writings of the letter of the macro road occupy a large proportion in his literary creation all his life, but there is no direct relation between the study of his letters and the correspondence. To explore Yuan Hongdao's life experience, the paper should be a key part of it. Therefore, the literature of Yuan Hongdao can be used as a key subject to study. On Yuan Hongdao's Epistolary literature explores the in-depth analysis, and it is also a research focus of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.62

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