北京什刹海地区袖珍公园规划设计

发布时间：2018-11-20 12:25

【摘要】：什刹海地区既是景区,又是居住区,而且还是历史文化保护区,三区合一,功能交错、人流密集、建筑密度高,供人们使用和活动的公园绿地却极其有限且形式单一。本次研究针对场地中现状开放空间实际不足、且缺乏系统性、“京味儿”的问题,利用袖珍公园的特性和优势,在场地诸多限制性因素下进行系统的规划设计,优化开放空间体系。在场地调研分析阶段,找出场地中存在的主要问题。首先,查阅资料、调查公众意识,对场地进行概况摸底;第二,实地踏勘测绘、查阅文献,整理场地中全部现状开放空间的面积大小、分布位置、现状景观、使用情况、组成元素,并进行服务区分析;第三,分析游客和居民两大人群的人口密度,得出人群分布特征;第四,分析保护利用方面限制性和可利用因素,包括分级保护区、文物古迹、建筑保护更新、古树名木、空间景观结构分析。在规划阶段,规划目标为:注重袖珍公园的层次、网络、功能形成系统;以300m作为服务区,达到基本全部覆盖场地;保护场地历史风貌和景观空间格局。用适宜性分析法,叠加影响因子袖珍公园规划的图层得出评价图,指导规划方案的形成,包括袖珍公园布局、系统分级、主要服务对象、功能类型、现状开放空间提升改造、系统网络连接的规划,形成袖珍公园系统。在设计阶段,强调本土、协调、统一、简约、京味儿、人性的设计原则,形成与场地尺度和历史风貌相协调、风格较为统一、从属于城市景观结构、真正满足使用者需要、具有京味儿特色的景观空间。在袖珍公园的构成要素上界定了通则性的设计方法。选取望海楼片区进行典型袖珍公园和绿道设计。在技术手段层面,利用GIS网络分析、叠加分析、邻域分析、栅格数据处理等,得出对规划设计有用的信息,精准把握和评价场地,指导规划设计。通过本次规划设计实践,可以看到在什刹海地区通过规划袖珍公园的方式可以改善场地绿地与开敞空间不足的现状,袖珍公园在旧城区中的应用是有前景的。袖珍公园尽管面积小,功能上不尽完善,从更大尺度的区域层面看仅仅属于绿地系统中的点状分布结构,但是在具体地段设计中,也要注重袖珍公园的系统性,打造功能体系(如景观体系、游憩体系、生态体系、防灾体系等),通过必要的线性连接形成有层级的袖珍公园网络系统。
[Abstract]:Shici area is not only a scenic area, but also a residential area, but also a historical and cultural reserve. The three zones are one, the function is interlaced, the people flow is dense, the building density is high, but the park green space for people's use and activity is extremely limited and the form is single. This research aims at the actual shortage of the open space in the present situation of the venue, and the lack of systematicness, "Jingwei", and makes use of the characteristics and advantages of the pocket park to carry out the systematic planning and design under a lot of restrictive factors of the venue. Optimizing open space system. In the stage of site investigation and analysis, find out the main problems in the site. First of all, access to information, investigation of public awareness, a general survey of the site; Second, surveying and mapping on the ground, consulting documents, sorting out the size, distribution, landscape, usage and elements of all the open space in the site, and analyzing the service area; Thirdly, the population density of tourists and residents is analyzed, and the characteristics of population distribution are obtained. Fourth, it analyzes the restrictive and available factors of conservation and utilization, including graded protected areas, cultural relics and monuments, architectural preservation and renewal, ancient trees and famous trees, and spatial landscape structure analysis. In the planning stage, the planning goal is to pay attention to the level, network and function of pocket park, to take 300m as service area, to cover the site completely, and to protect the historical features and landscape spatial pattern of the site. By using suitability analysis method, the evaluation map is obtained by superposing the map layer of pocket park planning, which can guide the formation of planning scheme, including pocket park layout, system classification, main service objects, function types, and the upgrading of open space. System network connection planning, form pocket park system. In the design stage, the design principles of local, harmonious, unified, simple, Beijing-style and human nature are emphasized. The design principles are coordinated with the scale of the site and the historical style. The style is relatively unified, subordinate to the urban landscape structure, and truly meets the needs of the users. The landscape space with Beijing flavor characteristic. In the pocket park on the elements of the definition of the general design method. The typical pocket park and green road are designed in the section of Wanghai building. At the technical level, using GIS network analysis, superposition analysis, neighborhood analysis, raster data processing and so on, get useful information for planning and design, accurately grasp and evaluate the site, guide the planning and design. Through the practice of planning and design, we can see that in Shici area, the present situation of lack of green space and open space can be improved by the way of planning pocket park, and the application of pocket park in the old urban area is promising. Although pocket park is small in area and imperfect in function, it only belongs to the spot distribution structure in green space system on a larger scale, but it should also pay attention to the systematicness of pocket park in the design of specific area. Create functional systems (such as landscape system, recreation system, ecological system, disaster prevention system, etc.), through the necessary linear connection to form a hierarchical pocket park network system.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.2

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