2000-2012年南昌市湿地景观格局变化研究
发布时间：2019-01-27 13:22
【摘要】：城市湿地系统作为城市生态系统的一部分,是人类生存环境质量的保障,也是维持人类生产生活基础物质的生产地,更是构成并影响城市空间结构的重要生态基础设施。南昌市是江西省的省会城市,处于鄱阳湖平原和赣江尾闾地区,河湖众多湿地资源丰富。由于社会经济的快速发展,南昌市湿地受人类活动影响的规模与速度不断扩大,使得湿地生态系统的景观格局及生态过程发生改变,从而影响其生态功能的发挥。研究南昌市城市湿地的景观格局及其演变规律,可以对湿地资源的合理利用与保护及城市的建设和规划管理工作提出合理的建议。本文采用湿地景观生态学的基本理论和方法对南昌市湿地的景观格局现状和变化规律进行研究。基于2000-2012年南昌市区TM/ETM遥感影像数据,运用景观格局指数方法、景观格局动态分析方法,在ArcGIS、ERDAS、Fragstats等软件的支持下,研究南昌市湿地景观格局的变化特征及趋势,得到以下结论:(1)通过对南昌市各种土地利用类型变化情况的分析可以得知,2000-2012年南昌市土地利用的结构变化表现为城市建设用地大幅增加,耕地、湿地、林地面积减少。其中湿地类型在2000-2012年逐渐减少的趋势中,滩地/沼泽和水库坑塘减少最多。(2)研究范围内的7个行政单位中,变化面积最大的为南昌经济技术开发区,其次为青山湖区和高新技术开发区;土地利用类型的主要转变方式为耕地转变为城市建设用地,其次为湿地转为城市建设用地;变化最大的时间段为2003-2004年开发区迅速拓展时期。(3)湿地类型的景观格局指数分析结果表明,河流、湖泊与其它湿地类型相比优势度最大,水库坑塘及滩地/沼泽的复杂度和破碎度较高,且受其他斑块类型影响较大,所以景观异质性较高的是水库坑塘和滩地/沼泽,两者受人类活动影响最大。(4)2000-2012年间南昌市湿地景观格局变化显著,首先湿地景观总面积逐年减少,共减少17.39km2;不同景观类型的斑块面积趋向于不均匀,景观多样性随之降低;受人类活动影响程度大小的影响,湿地景观格局的异质性程度先提高后缓慢下降。(5)根据南昌市2000、2004、2008、2012年4个时期的转移矩阵数据,南昌市湿地景观类型中,总体上大部分由水库坑塘和滩地/沼泽类型转出,其中水库坑塘类型是受外部影响最明显的类型,滩地/沼泽转为城市建设用地的过渡阶段为草地与水田类型。针对南昌市景观格局变化特征的分析结果,本文提出了促进南昌市湿地资源合理开发与利用的建议:加强湿地资源的动态监测与数据的即时更新,进行土地整治,优化城市湿地景观格局,并制定长期的城市湿地保护规划。
[Abstract]:As a part of urban ecosystem, urban wetland system is not only the guarantee of the quality of human living environment, but also the production place to maintain the basic material of human life. It is also an important ecological infrastructure that constitutes and affects the urban spatial structure. Nanchang is the capital city of Jiangxi Province, located in Poyang Lake Plain and Ganjiang River region. Due to the rapid development of social economy, the scale and speed of wetland in Nanchang city is expanding, which changes the landscape pattern and ecological process of wetland ecosystem, thus affecting the exertion of its ecological function. The study of landscape pattern and its evolvement law of urban wetland in Nanchang City can provide reasonable suggestions for the rational utilization and protection of wetland resources, urban construction and planning and management. In this paper, the basic theory and method of wetland landscape ecology are used to study the present situation and change law of wetland landscape pattern in Nanchang city. Based on the TM/ETM remote sensing image data of Nanchang urban area from 2000 to 2012, using landscape pattern index method and landscape pattern dynamic analysis method, with the support of ArcGIS,ERDAS,Fragstats and other software, the change characteristics and trend of wetland landscape pattern in Nanchang city were studied. The conclusions are as follows: (1) through the analysis of the changes of various land use types in Nanchang City, it can be seen that the structural changes of land use in Nanchang City from 2000 to 2012 are characterized by a large increase in urban construction land, arable land and wetlands. The area of woodland decreased. Among them, the wetland type gradually decreased from 2000 to 2012, the beach / swamp and reservoir pit decreased the most. (2) among the 7 administrative units in the scope of study, Nanchang Economic and technological Development Zone had the biggest change area. Secondly, Qingshan Lake area and high-tech development zone; The main transformation of land use type is cultivated land to urban construction land, followed by wetland to urban construction land; (3) the results of landscape pattern index analysis of wetland type showed that the dominance of rivers and lakes was the greatest compared with other wetland types. The complexity and fragmentation of reservoir potholes and beach / swamp are high, and they are influenced by other patch types, so the reservoir pit and beach / swamp have higher landscape heterogeneity. (4) the wetland landscape pattern of Nanchang city changed significantly from 2000 to 2012. Firstly, the total wetland landscape area decreased year by year, which decreased by 17.39 km2; The patch area of different landscape types tended to be uneven, and the diversity of landscape decreased. Influenced by the influence of human activities, the heterogeneity of wetland landscape pattern increased first and then decreased slowly. (5) according to the data of transfer matrix of Nanchang city in 2004 / 2008 and 4 periods in 2012, the wetland landscape types in Nanchang city were analyzed. On the whole, most of them were transferred from reservoir pothole and beach / swamp type, among which the reservoir pothole type was the most obviously affected type, and the transition stage of beach / swamp to urban construction land was grassland and paddy field type. According to the analysis results of landscape pattern change in Nanchang city, this paper puts forward some suggestions to promote the rational development and utilization of wetland resources in Nanchang city: to strengthen dynamic monitoring of wetland resources and update the data immediately, and to carry out land regulation. Optimize the urban wetland landscape pattern, and formulate a long-term urban wetland protection plan.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901
本文编号：2416299
[Abstract]:As a part of urban ecosystem, urban wetland system is not only the guarantee of the quality of human living environment, but also the production place to maintain the basic material of human life. It is also an important ecological infrastructure that constitutes and affects the urban spatial structure. Nanchang is the capital city of Jiangxi Province, located in Poyang Lake Plain and Ganjiang River region. Due to the rapid development of social economy, the scale and speed of wetland in Nanchang city is expanding, which changes the landscape pattern and ecological process of wetland ecosystem, thus affecting the exertion of its ecological function. The study of landscape pattern and its evolvement law of urban wetland in Nanchang City can provide reasonable suggestions for the rational utilization and protection of wetland resources, urban construction and planning and management. In this paper, the basic theory and method of wetland landscape ecology are used to study the present situation and change law of wetland landscape pattern in Nanchang city. Based on the TM/ETM remote sensing image data of Nanchang urban area from 2000 to 2012, using landscape pattern index method and landscape pattern dynamic analysis method, with the support of ArcGIS,ERDAS,Fragstats and other software, the change characteristics and trend of wetland landscape pattern in Nanchang city were studied. The conclusions are as follows: (1) through the analysis of the changes of various land use types in Nanchang City, it can be seen that the structural changes of land use in Nanchang City from 2000 to 2012 are characterized by a large increase in urban construction land, arable land and wetlands. The area of woodland decreased. Among them, the wetland type gradually decreased from 2000 to 2012, the beach / swamp and reservoir pit decreased the most. (2) among the 7 administrative units in the scope of study, Nanchang Economic and technological Development Zone had the biggest change area. Secondly, Qingshan Lake area and high-tech development zone; The main transformation of land use type is cultivated land to urban construction land, followed by wetland to urban construction land; (3) the results of landscape pattern index analysis of wetland type showed that the dominance of rivers and lakes was the greatest compared with other wetland types. The complexity and fragmentation of reservoir potholes and beach / swamp are high, and they are influenced by other patch types, so the reservoir pit and beach / swamp have higher landscape heterogeneity. (4) the wetland landscape pattern of Nanchang city changed significantly from 2000 to 2012. Firstly, the total wetland landscape area decreased year by year, which decreased by 17.39 km2; The patch area of different landscape types tended to be uneven, and the diversity of landscape decreased. Influenced by the influence of human activities, the heterogeneity of wetland landscape pattern increased first and then decreased slowly. (5) according to the data of transfer matrix of Nanchang city in 2004 / 2008 and 4 periods in 2012, the wetland landscape types in Nanchang city were analyzed. On the whole, most of them were transferred from reservoir pothole and beach / swamp type, among which the reservoir pothole type was the most obviously affected type, and the transition stage of beach / swamp to urban construction land was grassland and paddy field type. According to the analysis results of landscape pattern change in Nanchang city, this paper puts forward some suggestions to promote the rational development and utilization of wetland resources in Nanchang city: to strengthen dynamic monitoring of wetland resources and update the data immediately, and to carry out land regulation. Optimize the urban wetland landscape pattern, and formulate a long-term urban wetland protection plan.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901
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