北京市典型休闲农业园生态系统服务评估及供需分析

发布时间：2019-02-23 12:38

【摘要】：都市休闲农业是提供亲近自然、体验农事、观光度假、休闲娱乐等社会功能的新型农业发展模式,同时兼具环境调节等生态服务,目前亟需开展生态系统服供给和利益相关者需求匹配的定量化研究,论文拟引入生态系统服务供需匹配研究,为评估休闲农业园区的经营状况及其生态价值提供定量化依据。本文研究前期对北京市40多家休闲农业园进行实地调研,对比选取两个典型休闲农业园作为研究对象;采用基于景观结构的生态系统服务价值计算方法,选取产品供给、涵养水源、废弃物处理、固碳释氧、净化环境、养分循环、休闲游憩、科普教育八项指标,将定量化结果作为园区对利益相关者的供给能力分析;设计发放调查问卷,将结果作为利益相关者对研究区的需求条件分析;采用中位数标准化排序法绘制四象限图将供给功能与需求条件进行配置;结合研究区周边情况图分析影响供需配置的原因,并针对以上方面对休闲农业园的建设提出一些建议。得出主要结果和结论如下:(1)两园区各服务指标贡献率前两位均为文化功能中的休闲游憩、供给功能中的产品供给,第三位精灵农庄为支持功能中的养分循环,苹果主题公园为调节功能中的废弃物处理,第四位精灵农庄为调节功能中的废弃物处理,苹果主题公园为调节功能中的固碳释氧。(2)精灵农庄供给需求的景观分类中文化广场及长廊、园内小径为高供给-低需求,休息餐饮区、活动室为低供给-更低需求;供给=需求中果树采摘区为高供给-高需求,蔬菜种植区、水果大棚区为低供给-低需求;供给需求中活动草坪区、超市为低供给-高需求,池塘草坪区为更低供给-低需求。苹果主题公园供给需求的景观分类中文化广场及长廊为高供给-低需求,蔬菜种植区、水果大棚区为低供给-更低需求;供给=需求中果树采摘区为高供给-高需求;供给需求中休息餐饮区、园内小径、活动草坪区、池塘草坪区为低供给-高需求,活动室、超市为更低供给-低需求。(3)影响园区供需关系的因素为内部因素有景观面积规划,经营者园区定位,经营者宣传服务;外部因素有周边交通便利度,周边风景建筑分布,周边同类经营分布。
[Abstract]:Urban leisure agriculture is a new mode of agricultural development that provides social functions such as proximity to nature, experience of farming, sightseeing and vacation, leisure and entertainment, as well as ecological services such as environmental regulation. At present, there is an urgent need to carry out quantitative research on ecosystem service supply and stakeholder demand matching. This paper intends to introduce the research of ecosystem service supply and demand matching to provide the quantitative basis for evaluating the management status and ecological value of leisure agriculture park. In the early stage of this study, more than 40 leisure agricultural parks in Beijing were investigated, and two typical leisure agricultural parks were selected as the research objects. Using the ecosystem service value calculation method based on landscape structure, eight indexes were selected, such as product supply, water conservation, waste disposal, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, purification of environment, nutrient cycling, leisure and recreation, and popular science education. The quantitative results are regarded as the supply capacity analysis of the park to the stakeholders; The questionnaire was designed and distributed, and the results were used as the stakeholders' demand condition analysis in the study area, and the four-quadrant map was drawn by using the median standardized ranking method to configure the supply function and the demand condition. This paper analyzes the reasons that influence the distribution of supply and demand in the study area, and puts forward some suggestions for the construction of leisure agriculture park. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) the first two contribution rates of each service index in the two parks are leisure and recreation in the cultural function, the product supply in the supply function, and the nutrient cycling in the support function in the third Elf Farm. The apple theme park is the waste disposal in the regulating function, and the fourth Elf farm is the waste disposal in the regulating function. The apple theme park is to regulate the carbon sequestration and release oxygen in the function. (2) the landscape classification of the spiritual farm supply demand in the culture square and the corridor, the garden path is the high supply-low demand, the rest dining area, the activity room is the low supply-lower demand; Supply = high supply-high demand in fruit tree picking area, low supply-low demand in vegetable planting area and fruit shed area, low supply-high demand in supermarket and lower supply-low demand in pond lawn area. In the landscape classification of supply demand of apple theme park, cultural square and corridor are high supply-low demand, vegetable planting area, fruit shed area are low supply-lower demand, supply = high supply-high demand in fruit tree picking area in demand; Rest dining area, garden trail, active lawn area, pond lawn area are low supply-high demand, activity room, Supermarket for lower supply-low demand. (3) the factors affecting the supply and demand of the park are the landscape area planning, the location of the operator park, the operator propaganda service; External factors have peripheral traffic convenience, surrounding landscape building distribution, surrounding similar business distribution.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.4

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