京昆高速公路河北段服务区绿化研究

发布时间：2019-05-18 21:58

【摘要】：针对河北省高速公路绿化现状,选择京昆高速公路河北段服务区绿化进行现状调查,对其绿化模式、植物应用和养护问题进行分析,总结绿化模式,针对存在问题进行树种规划,提出养护技术要求,为河北省乃至全国相近地区高速公路服务区绿化提供依据。河北省高速公路大部分服务区绿化植物种类较为丰富,乔灌木种类超过10种,部分服务区种类数量达到20~30种,形成了不同的绿化景观或有较长的观花、观果、观叶效果。明确指出了京昆高速公路河北段服务区植物应用种类共140种,包括乔木68种,灌木21种,藤本植物2种,宿根花卉12种,农作物、蔬菜14种,水生植物2种,1年生种子花卉13种。隶属于49科,其中针叶树10种,阔叶树种93种,竹类1种;草本植物46种。研究了主要乔木胸径范围和保定段、石家庄段的现状。油松大部分都是分布于胸径8~12cm范围内,较为整齐,生长优良。樟子松大部分都是分布于胸径8~12cm范围内,较为整齐,生长良好。全路段悬铃木大部分胸径在14~22cm,其中保定段18~22 cm,石家庄段在14~18 cm。除涿州服务区长势一般外,其它地区生长良好。银杏不同胸径分布数量有2个高峰,分别位8~10cm和14~16cm。槐树大部分胸径在12~24cm,其中保定段16~22 cm,石家庄段在12~14 cm。白蜡在保定段应用较多大部分胸径在12~20 cm,大部分生长良好。千头椿在服务区应用大部分胸径为8~14cm,大部分生长良好。合欢在服务区应用大部分胸径为10~16cm,大部分生长良好。毛白杨只在保定段应用,生长良好;107杨只在石家庄段应用,树木胸径较小;三倍体毛白杨在保定段、石家庄段都有应用胸径分布较分散,生长良好。全路段主要乔木树种胸径分布呈正态分布,绝大部分集中在6~22cm,由于栽植年限尚短,很多树木还处于旺盛生长阶段。明确指出了植物应用频度和健康状况,应用频度超过50%的有28种,大叶黄杨油松、悬铃木、合欢、桧柏、月季、臭椿、柿、雪松、银杏、槐树、连翘、白玉兰、樟子松、白榆、西府海棠、桃、杏、日本晚樱、白三叶、葡萄、紫薇、白蜡、玉米、大花萱草、鸢尾、金叶女贞、大葱,应用频度20%以下的占54.28%。对于此路段服务区绿化模式进行了研究,提出3类模式,分别是广场休闲绿地型,此模式以井陉服务区为代表,用于车、人停留活动较多的服务区;庭院绿地型,以涿州、定兴、顺平、曲阳、行唐、石家庄服务区为代表,园林绿化充分体现庭院休闲性质;农业生态观光园绿地型,以唐县为模式,适合满城、灵寿,绿化充分结合当地农业特色。对于应用的树种进行综合评价,评出一类树种27种;二类树种20种;三类树种34种;四类树种14种。进行树种规划,为提升改造和相类似地区其它高速公路服务区树种选择提供了依据。进行提升改造不同模式植物种类规划,确定基调树种、骨干树种、一般树种、一年生植物或宿根花卉、蔬菜及农作物种类。调查了有害生物发生现状,严重危害的害虫16种,病害1类,有害杂草11种,并针对具体情况提出了治理方案。制定了服务区全年绿化养护月历。
[Abstract]:In view of the current situation of highway greening in Hebei province, the current situation of the greening of Hebei section of the Beijing-Kunming Expressway is selected, and the greening mode, plant application and maintenance problems are analyzed, the greening mode is summarized, and the maintenance technical requirements are put forward for the existing problems. It provides the basis for the greening of the expressway service area in Hebei and even the whole country. The number of green plants in most of the service area of the expressway in Hebei province is rich, the type of the shrub is more than 10, and the number of the partial service areas reaches 20-30 species, and the different greening landscape or the longer sight-seeing, fruit-viewing and leaf-viewing effects are formed. There are 140 species of plant application in Hebei section of Beijing-Kunming Expressway, including 68 species of arbor,21 species of shrub,2 species of liana,12 species of perennial flower,14 of crops,14 species of vegetables,2 species of aquatic plants and 13 of 1-year-old seed and flower. It belongs to 49 families, among which 10 species of conifer,93 species of broad-leaved tree species and 1 species of bamboo,46 species of herbaceous plants. The present situation of DBH and Baoding and Shijiazhuang is studied in this paper. Most of Pinus tabulaeformis are distributed in the range of 8 to 12 cm in the diameter of the DBH, and are more orderly and good in growth. Most of the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is distributed in the range of 8 to 12 cm in the diameter of the DBH, and is more orderly and good in growth. The diameter of the large part of the whole section of the Platanus orientalis is 14-22 cm, of which the retaining section is 18-22 cm and the Shijiazhuang section is 14-18 cm. In addition to that potential of the district governor of the state, the growth of other areas is good. The number of different DBH distribution in Ginkgo biloba was 2 peaks,8-10 cm and 14-16 cm, respectively. Most of the DBH of the pagodatree was 12-24 cm, of which 16-22 cm in the Baoding section and 12-14 cm in the Shijiazhuang section. The large part of the diameter of the white wax in the Baoding section is in the range of 12 to 20 cm, and most of the growth is good. The large part of the diameter of the Toona sinensis in the service area is 8 ~ 14cm, and most of them grow well. The majority of the diameter of Huan Huan in the service area is 10 ~ 16cm, and most of them grow well. Populus tomentosa was only used in Baoding section, with good growth; Yang was only used in the Shijiazhuang section, and the DBH of the tree was small; in Baoding section of the triploid Populus tomentosa, the DBH distribution of the triploid Populus tomentosa was more dispersed and the growth was good. The DBH distribution of the main arbor species in the whole section is normal distribution, most of which is in the range of 6-22cm, because of the short planting years, many trees are still in the vigorous growing stage. The application frequency and health condition of the plant are clearly specified, and the application frequency of the plant is more than 50%, and there are 28 species, such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Platanus suzuki, Acacia, Selaginella, rose, Toona sinensis, Persimmon, cedar, Semen Ginkgo, Flos Sophorae, Fructus Forsythiae, Cortex Magnolia, Pinus sylvestris, Cortex Ulmus, Malus begonia, Fructus Persicae, and Semen Armeniacae Amarum, 54.28% of Japanese evening meal, white clover, grape, violet, white wax, corn, large flower, grass, iris, golden leaf, privet, scallion, and application frequency of 20% or less. The green mode of the service area of this section is studied, and the three-class mode is proposed, which is the square leisure green space type, which is represented by the well service area and is used for the vehicle and the people to stay in the service area with more activities; and the garden green space type, which is in the state of Mississippi, Dingxing, Shunping, Quyang, and the Xingtang, The service area of Shijiazhuang is a representative, and the garden greening fully reflects the leisure property of the courtyard; the green land type of the agricultural ecological sightseeing garden is in the mode of Tang County, and is suitable for the full city, the Lingshou and the greening to fully integrate the local agricultural characteristics. There are 27 species of tree species,20 species of tree species,34 species of three species of tree species, and 14 species of tree species. The planning of the trees provides a basis for the improvement of the selection of tree species in other expressway service areas in the similar areas. The plant species planning of different modes of upgrading and transformation is carried out to determine the key tree species, the backbone tree species, the general tree species, the annual plant or the perennial flower, the vegetable and the crop varieties. The present situation of pests,16 kinds of pests,1 kind of diseases and 11 kinds of harmful weeds were investigated, and the treatment plan was put forward for the specific situation. The annual greening and maintenance of the service area is established.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU985.18

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