元代文人画的“悲怆”与“癫狂”

发布时间：2018-02-01 15:44

本文关键词： 悲怆癫狂文人阶层状态演变　出处：《江西科技师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：元代绘画的繁盛，突出地表现于文人画。在各类绘画样式中，“文人画”占主导地位，其他民间绘画次之。论画标准，也以文人画超逸风格为最高品。此时期，文人画强调“画法，即书法所在”，①要求书、画紧密结合，而且成为风尚。这一新的艺术走向，是元代文人画对中国传统绘画在艺术表现手法与艺术审美追求上，取得的一个新的突破。元朝统治者以强大的武力征服了全国，，民族矛盾和阶级矛盾异常尖锐的存在。背负着亡国丧权的局面与压力，元代文人惟有以笔墨来消解心中积郁和苦痛，表现高洁情趣的墨竹、兰、梅等也成为专题创作。这是一个让人“悲怆”时代，“悲怆”也成为这个时期的社会基调。尤其在元初，在历史的转折点上，这样的现象尤为突出。一批性格刚烈的文人借用笔墨“激进”地进行着反抗斗争，并以一种艺术的“癫狂”状态表现出对社会的强烈愤ar，其热烈程度胜过以往的任何时期。伴随着社会的相对融合，这种“癫狂”也逐渐由热变冷，由激越转变为相对冷静。艺术家对社会的认知悄然地发生着改变，长时期的政治高压麻木了文人的心灵，“淡泊”、“无为”转化为“释然”，元代的文人画风格由此发生了新的演变。文人绘画艺术在这一时期发生了很大变化，也取得了无可企及的成就。元代的文人画是绘画史上画风大转变时期，文人士大夫画家对艺术的敏感和“癫狂”，充分表现在对于选择题材和笔墨艺术效果的认识和实践之中。元代绘画的转变和成就，对于后朝的绘画，尤其是文人画的发展起到了极为深远的影响。
[Abstract]:In all kinds of painting styles, "literati painting" occupies the leading position, and other folk paintings take second place. On the painting standard, the literati painting style is the highest. Literati painting emphasizes "painting method, that is where calligraphy is", which is a new art trend. It is a new breakthrough in artistic expression and aesthetic pursuit of traditional Chinese painting in Yuan Dynasty. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty conquered the whole country with powerful force, and the ethnic contradictions and class contradictions were extremely sharp. They were burdened with the situation and pressure of the loss of power in the subjugation of the country, and the literati of the Yuan Dynasty could only eliminate the depression and pain in their hearts with pen and ink. Mo bamboo, orchid, plum and so on, which show high and clean interest, have also become special works. This is an era of "Pathetique", and "Pathetique" has also become the social keynote of this period, especially in the early Yuan Dynasty, at the turning point of history. This phenomenon is particularly prominent. A group of strong-character literati "radical" on the use of pen and ink to fight against the struggle, and with an artistic "crazy" state to show a strong anger to society ar. With the relative integration of society, this "madness" has gradually changed from heat to cold, from agitation to relative calm. The artist's cognition of society is changing quietly. A long period of political pressure numbed the minds of literati, "indifferent", "inaction" into "relief", the literati painting style of Yuan Dynasty has undergone a new evolution. Literati painting art in this period has undergone great changes, but also made unattainable achievements. The Yuan Dynasty literati painting is a period of great changes in the painting history, literati, officials and painters sensitive to art and "crazy." The changes and achievements of painting in Yuan Dynasty had a profound influence on the development of later dynasties painting, especially the development of literati painting.
【学位授予单位】：江西科技师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J212

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