浅谈浮世绘及浮世绘对中国现代工笔人物绘画的影响

发布时间：2018-02-24 06:49

本文关键词： 唯美意气诗意平民化　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：浮世绘是17世纪到１９世纪中叶日本江户时代描绘风景、市井风俗、女性形象为主题的风俗画。浮世绘版画早期以美人青楼歌姬以及歌舞演员为主要描绘对象，后期又涌现出以花鸟虫鱼以及风光景致为主要描绘对象的画作。虽然到了浮世绘后期由于资本主义经营方式的影响，这种艺术逐渐走向了色情和衰败，但并不影响它作为日本最广泛影响的民族绘画艺术的地位。浮世绘艺术向西方传播影响了印象派的变革，在改革开放的今天对中国的绘画艺术也有很深的影响和启迪作用。浮世绘的发展过程可以概括为早期的单色绘、中期的彩色绘、盛期的多色绘、以及后期的风景花鸟绘四个阶段。服饰被同样看做手工艺术在江户时代得以继承发扬，对服饰的样式和纹样刻画的精细要求使浮世绘艺术家们对细节的展现一丝不苟，同时类似于今天的时尚杂志浮世绘在对美人画中服装之美的展现反过来也促进了日本传统服饰的发展引领江户时代妇女的时尚文化。浮世绘制作的革新主要有：云母法、空印法、光泽法、木纹法。对构图的革新主要有：续物、大首绘、漆绘等。有人将浮世绘的审美趋向概括为两点，一是唯美，二是意气。意气也叫“粹”，是一个很特别的词汇，包含三层含义：一指男女在恋爱中应该彬彬有礼；二指与人交往要有一定的道德标准和精神面貌；三是对人情世故应该认清形势，懂得适可而止。十九世纪上半期这个词深深扎根于江户地区平民的审美意识中，在适当的时候能屈能伸，随时放弃正是“浮世”思想的另一种诠释，浮世绘就是意气作为绘画形式的具体体现，，挖掘了平凡人所暗藏的诗意情怀。日本艺术在长期发展和演变的过程中形成了追赶性和制作性的特点。外来因素一直是日本美术发展的动力和源泉，为了把优秀的异邦文化不断更新转换为本国的资源，日本人一直在不停的追赶世界潮流，古代是以古老的东方中国为主要追赶对象，现代则是追赶欧美等西方资本主义国家，所以日本是一个容纳百川的国家。在文化艺术的潮流尖端时不时出现日本艺术的影子的今天，究其原因和这一特点不无联系。日本艺术的另外一个特点就是严谨的制作性。从日本艺术的根源看，美术的起源来自对实用品的制作。这是因为日本人更重视与日常生活息息相关的艺术；其次传播外来优秀文化的人往往就是匠人；日本人，尤其是从事艺术品制作的匠人天生就有严谨勤勉认真的执着态度。所以我们看到日本人在对待任何事物的态度上都具有天生的执着精神和敬业精神，对任何事物都要求尽善尽美，日本人已经把文化艺术与生活融为一体的严谨态度值得我们赞赏和学习。
[Abstract]:Edo, Japan, from 17th century to the middle of 19th century, is a genre painting that depicts scenery, customs and images of women. In the early days of the epoch, the artists and singers were the main objects of the painting. In the later period, there were paintings mainly depicting flowers, birds, insects, fish and scenery. Although in the late stage of the Paleocene, due to the influence of capitalist management, the art gradually became pornographic and decaying. But it does not affect its position as the most widely influenced national painting art in Japan. The dissemination of the Impressionist painting art to the West has influenced the Impressionism, and has a deep influence and enlightenment on the Chinese painting art in today's reform and opening up. The development process of the Archaean painting can be summarized as four stages: the early monochrome painting, the middle color painting, the prosperous multicolor painting, and the later stage landscape flowers and birds painting. Clothing is also regarded as the handmade art to be carried forward in the Edo era. The finer requirements for patterns and patterns of clothing make the Artist meticulous about the details. At the same time similar to today's fashion magazine in the painting of beauty painting the beauty of clothing display in turn also promoted the development of traditional Japanese clothing leading to the Edo era of women's fashion culture. The main innovations in the creation of the Archaeocene are: mica method, blank printing method, gloss method, wood grain method. The innovation of composition mainly includes: continuation, large head painting, paint painting and so on. Some people generalize the aesthetic tendency of life painting as two points, one is aestheticism, the other is spirit. Spirit is also called "quintessence", which contains three meanings: one is that men and women should be polite in love; Second, there must be a certain moral standard and spiritual outlook for communication with people; third, it is necessary to recognize the situation and understand that the situation can be stopped. In the first half of 19th century, the term is deeply rooted in the aesthetic consciousness of the common people in the Edo region. At the right time, it is another interpretation of "floating world" thought to give up at any time, the embodiment of spirit as the form of painting, excavating the poetic feelings hidden by ordinary people. In the process of long-term development and evolution, Japanese art has formed the characteristics of catch-up and production. Foreign factors have always been the motive force and source of Japanese art development, in order to transform the excellent foreign culture into its own resources, The Japanese have been constantly catching up with the world trend. In ancient times, they were mainly catching up with the ancient Eastern China, while in modern times they were catching up with Western capitalist countries such as Europe and the United States. So Japan is a country that accommodates all the rivers. Today, at the forefront of cultural and artistic trends, the shadow of Japanese art appears from time to time. The reason is closely related to this characteristic. Another characteristic of Japanese art is its rigorous production. From the root of Japanese art, The origin of art comes from the production of practical objects. This is because the Japanese attach more importance to art, which is closely related to their daily life; the second person who spreads excellent foreign culture is often the craftsman; the Japanese, In particular, craftsmen who work in works of art are born with a rigorous, industrious and dedicated attitude. So we can see that Japanese people have a natural spirit of dedication and dedication to everything. We should appreciate and learn from the rigorous attitude that the Japanese have integrated culture and art with life.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J212

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