《画山水序》艺术思想探微

发布时间：2018-05-01 11:17

本文选题：宗炳 + 《画山水序》　；参考：《云南师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：刘宋南朝时期宗炳的《画山水序》是中国绘画美学史上最开始探讨山水美学的著作。文中明确提出“澄怀味象”、“畅神”、“卧游”等核心观点，为后世自然山水的审美观念及其绘画理论奠定了极其深厚的影响，魏晋时期士人的崇尚自我蔑视礼法及其追求人文意识觉醒的思想观念，极大的影响了宗炳的人生观与意识形态，使得他在受儒、释、玄、道等心迹的影响下，更加关注于老庄之道：以“天人合一”的心性感悟自然，，以“逍遥游”的姿态体验山水之道，进而让山水画达到“卧游”、“畅神”的审美意境。故本文着重以老庄之道对宗炳艺术观念的影响及其《画山水序》的核心观点两个部分为出发点，阐述内在的美学意蕴。本文首先对宗炳的生平、时代背景及其思想渊源作出初步的梳理与探讨。并述阐述了老庄之“道”对宗炳山水审美意识形态的渗透，以形而上客观哲学思维对宗炳美学意识的影响及其在其绘画理论中的体现，让老庄之“道”在绘画中化为圣人之境，指引贤者以山水来“媚道”，让人与自然达到“天人合一”的意境，同时还要求贤者以“虚静”、“心斋”、“坐忘”之性情，以“游”的心态达到“心与物游”，使得心与物相融、情与景相合。接着从《画山水序》的重要美学命题出发，以主体“澄怀味象”的山水审美心境为旨要，剖析“澄怀味象”、“山水以形媚道”、“应会感神”等观点，从山水表现的角度，指明“以形写形以色貌色”、“竖画三寸，当千仞之高”等，更从审美意境的角度，提出山水“卧游”、“畅神”的意境，突出艺术所具有的审美特征，从而形成一个完整的山水审美体系。最后论述宗炳艺术思想及《画山水序》在中国古代山水画论中的历史地位及其研究的理论价值及产生的深远意义。本文正是基于宗炳美学思想及《画山水序》在山水画和山水画论中所具有的里程碑的地位，所蕴含的丰富的美学思想，对其进行深入的阐述剖析。
[Abstract]:Zong Bing's preface to Landscape painting in the Song and Southern dynasties of Liu was the first work in the history of Chinese painting aesthetics to explore landscape aesthetics. In this paper, the author puts forward the core viewpoints such as "clear and enchanted taste", "unobstructed spirit", "lying on tour" and so on, which has laid a profound influence on the aesthetic concept and painting theory of natural landscape in later generations. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the scholars' ideology of advocating self-contempt for etiquette and the awakening of their humanistic consciousness greatly influenced Zong Bing's outlook on life and ideology, which made him under the influence of Confucianism, Buddhism, metaphysics, Taoism and so on. Pay more attention to the way of Laozhuang: to understand nature with the heart of "the unity of nature and man", to experience the way of landscape with the posture of "free and unfettered", and then to make landscape painting achieve the aesthetic conception of "lying down and swimming" and "unobstructed spirit". Therefore, this paper focuses on the influence of Laozhuang Dao on Zong Bing's artistic concept and the two core viewpoints of painting landscape preface, and expounds the intrinsic aesthetic implication. In this paper, the life of Zong Bing, the background of the era and its ideological origin were preliminarily combed and discussed. It also expounds the infiltration of "Tao" of Laozhuang to Zong Bing's aesthetic ideology, the influence of metaphysical objective philosophical thinking on Zong Bing's aesthetic consciousness and its embodiment in his painting theory, so that the "Tao" of Laozhuang can be transformed into the realm of sage in painting. To guide the virtuous to "seduce the path" with the mountains and rivers, so that people and nature can achieve the artistic conception of "harmony of nature and man". At the same time, they are also asked to use the temperament of "empty quiet", "heart Zhai", "sitting and forgetting", and to achieve "heart and material travel" with the mentality of "swimming". So that the heart and things to merge, the feelings and the scene. Then, starting from the important aesthetic proposition of "painting landscape preface" and taking the aesthetic state of landscape appreciation of the main body as the aim, this paper analyzes the views of "clear and enchanted taste image", "beautiful way of landscape", "feeling spirit", and so on, from the angle of landscape expression. It is pointed out that "form is written in shape and color in color", "three inches in vertical painting, as the height of a thousand climbing", and so on. From the point of view of aesthetic conception, the artistic conception of "lying down and swimming" and "unobstructed spirit" are put forward to highlight the aesthetic characteristics of art. So as to form a complete landscape aesthetic system. At last, it discusses the historical position of Zong Bing's artistic thought and the preface of painting landscape in the theory of ancient Chinese landscape painting, the theoretical value and the profound significance of the study. This article is based on Zong Bing's aesthetic thought and the landmark position in landscape painting and landscape painting theory.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J212

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