理性精神对古典主义油画技法形成的影响

发布时间：2018-05-21 12:33

本文选题：古典主义 + 理性精神　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文紧密围绕西方理性精神对古典主义油画的影响,对西方古典油画创作技法的形成进行了明确的阐述,并且简要的回顾了西方油画的起源和发展变化,对西方古典主义代表性画家作出了分析和研究。从而形成了理性精神对西方古典主义绘画的形成、传承和发展过程当中的具体作用和价值意义。本文以西方理性精神的起源为始,在探究西方理性精神形成的前提下,积极分析作为艺术品类之一的油画艺术与理性精神的关系。通过油画创作中,对绘画内容、材料工具的选择,以及创作思维的理性依附分析,得出油画艺术在精神性方面对于理性的重视。同时,对古典油画的形成,即写实主义的最终确立作除了比较系统的梳理,从造型、构图、素描、色彩、光影等方面印证油画艺术在具体绘画技法方面受理性精神的影响。最后,从理性精神在古典油画创作中的意义与启示方面进行总结性阐述。通过对西方古典主义艺术家们将理性精神运用于绘画的分析,使人们更加全而清晰的了解西方绘画风格从宗教世界观念向着理性真实的表现过渡,艺术作品的题材也慢慢的由纯粹的超自然的宗教题材转变成科学写实的世俗题材。而且艺术家在写实的基础上,由原来的呆板的造型向流畅的具有力量和运动感的造型转变。在解剖学和透视学等理性科学的帮助下,作品中的人物的比例更加协调,并且将人物背景由原先的简单平面的关系转换成了写实的、自然的环境的背景,使人物成为了画面的焦点,体现了“神人同形同性”,以及人类的高贵、尊严和自信的人文主义理想,表达了当时的人们希望人类能成为自己命运的主宰。在具体的认识论方面,人们不再把传统思想看成是一种必须尊重和不可作任何更改的永恒真理,每个人都想努力摆脱传统,通过修正或完全否定前人的观点来延伸或确立自己的独特性观点。这些特征说明了艺术创作思想的理性化、世俗化的发展是在社会实践中完成的,同时又以自然学说的形式表现出来。古典主义绘画艺术家在绘画思想上具有极其深刻的理性精神内涵,这种精神内涵表现为从盲目膜拜神圣不可侵犯的神的虚幻世界转向关注人真实存在的现实生存空间。这种从虚幻转向现实的关注是艺术家正面人生现实的积极表现。他们追求内敛深沉、稳定庄严的古典美与理想美。在绘画艺术理念上怪持表现人类的理性尊严。艺术家选用不同的主题,将人类生存的现实残酷性真实地放置于艺术中,既合乎理性而又高于现实。其中出现的裸体画选择女性身体作为绘画的主题,对现实中人类的感性欲望表示了关注和理解,是理性精神在绘画领域的延伸。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the influence of the western rational spirit on the classical oil painting, expounds the formation of the western classical oil painting creation technique, and briefly reviews the origin and development of the western oil painting. This paper analyzes and studies the representative painters of western classicism. Thus forming the rational spirit of the formation, inheritance and development of Western classical painting in the process of the specific role and value significance. This paper begins with the origin of western rational spirit, on the premise of exploring the formation of western rational spirit, and actively analyzes the relationship between oil painting art and rational spirit as one of the works of art. Through the selection of painting content, material tools and rational dependence of creative thinking in oil painting, it is concluded that the spiritual aspect of oil painting art attaches importance to rationality. At the same time, the formation of classical oil painting, that is, the final establishment of realism in addition to a more systematic combing, from the modeling, composition, sketch, color, light and shadow and other aspects of oil painting art in the specific painting techniques in the spirit of admissibility. Finally, the significance and enlightenment of rational spirit in classical oil painting are summarized. Through the analysis of the rational spirit applied to the painting by the western classical artists, people can understand the western painting style from the religious world concept to the rational and real expression more completely and clearly. The subject matter of art works has gradually changed from pure supernatural religious theme to scientific realistic secular theme. And the artist on the basis of realism, from the original rigid modeling to smooth with strength and sense of movement. With the help of rational sciences such as anatomy and perspective, the proportion of characters in the works is more coordinated, and the background of the characters is transformed from the original simple plane into a realistic, natural environment. So that the characters become the focus of the picture, reflecting the "divinity and identity", as well as the human dignity, dignity and self-confidence of the humanist ideal, expressed the hope of the people at that time to become the master of their own destiny. In terms of concrete epistemology, people no longer regard traditional thinking as an eternal truth that must be respected and can not be changed, and everyone wants to try to get rid of it. Extend or establish one's own unique point of view by revising or completely negating previous views. These characteristics explain the rationality of artistic creation thought, the development of secularization is completed in social practice, and it is manifested in the form of natural theory at the same time. Classicist painting artists have profound rational spiritual connotation in painting thought. This kind of spiritual connotation is shown by changing from blind worship of sacred and inviolable god's illusory world to paying attention to the real living space of human's real existence. This kind of attention from illusory to realistic is the positive manifestation of positive life reality of artists. They pursue the classical beauty and the ideal beauty, which are deep and introverted, stable and solemn. On the concept of painting art, the expression of the rational dignity of human beings. Artists choose different themes and put the reality cruelty of human existence in art, which is both rational and higher than reality. The nude painting in which the female body is chosen as the subject of painting shows the concern and understanding of human perceptual desire in reality and is an extension of rational spirit in the field of painting.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J213

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