论版画艺术的源头以及中国早期版画

发布时间：2018-06-27 07:33

本文选题：中国古版画 + 雕版印刷术　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国是木刻版画的发源地,木刻版画随着雕版印刷术的发明而产生,在这之前,中国已经出现了诸多具有版画意味的雕刻工艺和拓印技法,为版画艺术的演进垫定了基础。史前时期的岩画,商代的甲骨文,西周至春秋战国时期的青铜铭文与图像,划时代的汉画像石砖艺术,隋唐的石碑艺术,印章工艺与拓印技术的逐步完善,纸,墨等各种工具的齐全,加之科技的进步,雕版印刷术的发明,为版画艺术的的诞生创造了丰富的物质技术条件。中国早期的木版画最早发现于唐代,它作为佛教在中国的传播方式之一,唐、五代时期是木版画发展的初期阶段,这个时期的木版画作品就已经达到了一定的高度,具有宝贵的艺术价值,值得我们去研究,在此期间,版画艺术作为佛教艺术的一种也受到当时文化背景和艺术潮流的影响,已经脱离了早期佛教艺术中原有的西域风格以及魏晋时期粗犷奔放的少数民族特色,在逐渐融入汉文化精髓的进程中,形成了具有本民族特色的,并且拥有盛世风度的中国特有的佛教艺术,成为民族艺术自身的血脉,深刻地影响着后世以及世界各国的艺术领域。随着几百年后印刷术的西传,木版画在欧洲也开始出现,欧洲早期木版画的形式与制作方法基本受中国古典木版画的影响,与唐、五代时期的佛经版画一样,是作为宗教传播的方式出现,题材大多表现圣经故事与圣像。由于设备的简陋与制作技术的相对落后,欧洲初期木版画远不如唐、五代佛经版画的技法精湛,工艺成熟,直到1450年,古登堡发明了金属活字印刷,同时发明了一套完整的印刷技术流程,改变了西方初期木版画简陋,稚拙的印刷方式,使西方版画在短短五十年间就脱离了中国木版画的制作流程,逐渐被铜版画所替代,进入了另一个新阶段,其艺术风格追求丰富的明暗层次以及真实饱满的体积塑造感,这种精致的、富有表现力的艺术形式吸引了众多艺术家的关注,逐渐形成了一门独立的艺术体系；而中国木版画在以后很长一段时间里一直延续着唐代木版画的印刷方式,艺术手法一直保持以线描写意为主,注重追求意境与神韵,形成了具有东方审美特色的艺术风格。
[Abstract]:China is the birthplace of woodcut printmaking, and woodcut printing came into being with the invention of engraving printing. Before this, there were many engraving techniques and techniques with engraving meaning in China, which laid the foundation for the evolution of printmaking art. Rock paintings in the prehistoric period, oracle bone inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty, bronze inscriptions and images in the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period, epoch-making art of the Han Dynasty stone portraits, stone tablet art of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the gradual improvement of the seal technology and the extension printing technology, paper, The complete range of tools such as ink and the progress of science and technology and the invention of engraving printing have created rich material and technical conditions for the birth of printmaking art. The early woodblock prints in China were first discovered in the Tang Dynasty. As one of the ways of Buddhism spreading in China, the Tang and the five dynasties period was the initial stage of the development of woodblock prints, and the woodcut works of this period have reached a certain height. It has valuable artistic value and is worth our study. During this period, printmaking art, as a kind of Buddhist art, was also influenced by the cultural background and the artistic trend at that time. It has been divorced from the original style of the Western region in the early Buddhist art and the wild and unrestrained ethnic characteristics of the Wei and Jin dynasties. In the process of gradually merging into the essence of the Han culture, it has formed its own national characteristics. And the unique Buddhist art of China, which has a flourishing style, has become the blood of the national art itself and has a profound influence on the art fields of later generations and other countries all over the world. With the westward spread of printing a few hundred years later, woodblock prints began to appear in Europe. The form and production methods of early European woodblock prints were basically influenced by Chinese classical woodblock prints, similar to the Buddhist scriptures of the Tang and five dynasties. As a form of religious communication, the themes of most of the Biblical stories and statues. Due to the rudimentary equipment and the relatively backward production technology, the woodcut in the early European period was far inferior to the Tang Dynasty, and the techniques of the five dynasties Buddhist scriptures were exquisite and the workmanship was mature. Until 1450, Gutenberg invented the metal movable type printing. At the same time, a set of complete printing technology flow was invented, which changed the primitive and childish printing methods of woodblock prints in the early stage of the West, which made Western prints break away from the production process of Chinese woodblock prints in a short span of 50 years, and were gradually replaced by copperwood prints. Entering another new stage, its artistic style pursues rich levels of light and shade and a sense of real and full volume. This exquisite and expressive art form has attracted the attention of many artists. Gradually formed an independent art system; and the Chinese woodcut in the future for a long period of time has continued the Tang Dynasty woodblock printing, art techniques have always maintained a line painting freehand, pay attention to the pursuit of artistic conception and charm, The art style with oriental aesthetic characteristics has been formed.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J217

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