新中国初期山水画的时代抉择

发布时间：2018-09-10 10:31

【摘要】：新中国初期山水画延续着新文化运动以来对传统山水画的革新思潮,新文化运动以来,革新思潮的争论主要在取法资源上或中西融合或借古开今。随着旧的社会制度的消亡和外来文化的影响,传统的价值取向、评价体系和审美趣味在发生着演变。传统山水画的价值功能发生根本变化,由传统“澄怀观道”、“隐逸”思想的“出世”转变成为政治服务、为工农兵服务、为人民服务的“入世”。以价值功能的转变为核心,带来题材内容、表现方法、审美趣味等变化。而美协、画院等新中国美术体制的建立,苏联现实主义思潮的影响,新年画的示范作用,促使山水画政治价值功能的转变,国画的社会主义改造成为现实。价值功能转变为为人民服务,题材内容转变为反映现实生活,表现方法转变为“推陈出新”、“古为今用,洋为中用”,于是新的山水视觉观念形成。在表现现实生活的政治取向下山水画家开始直面自然进行写生,而这时的写生既不同于西方绘画的写实观念下的对景写生,也不同于中国传统山水画“师造化”的心识目记。而是两者相互融合,互相补充,通过写生使陈陈相因的山水传统模式被阻断,使山水表现题材范围不断扩大,使新表现方法被主动创造。以李可染为代表的中西融合派和以石鲁、傅抱石为代表的“以古开今”派都在新时代中取得了突破性发展。由于延安时期经验影响和苏联模式的制约,受当时政治氛围、时代情境的影响,新中国初期山水画也存在片面强调政治宣传作用,不尊重艺术本体规律,忽略了对传统笔墨、意境的传承问题。这些影响和制约了这一时期山水画的发展,代价沉重,且影响至今。本文主要论述在新中国初期时代背景下山水画的发展和原因,本文分为四部分,第一部分分析新中国初期山水画产生的背景,主要从创新思潮的论争,文艺方针的指导,美术体制的建立,苏联模式的影响,新年画的示范作用几方面论述了这一时代抉择新中国初期中国画发展道路的原因,第二部分论述新中国初期山水画转变的表现,即从价值取向、题材内容、表现方法的转变。第三部分论述取得这一时期山水画艺术成就的途径,即面向生活的写生图新,融合中西的洋为中用,立足传统的借古开今。
[Abstract]:Landscape paintings in the early years of New China continued the trend of innovation of traditional landscape paintings since the New Culture Movement. Since the New Culture Movement, the controversy about the trend of innovation has mainly focused on the use of resources or the integration of China and the West or the opening up of the present. The value function of traditional landscape paintings has changed fundamentally, from the traditional "Chenghuaiguandao" to the "birth" of "seclusion" to the political service, serving the workers, peasants and soldiers, serving the people. The establishment of the new Chinese art system, the influence of the realism of the Soviet Union and the demonstration of the New Year's paintings have promoted the transformation of the political value function of landscape paintings and the socialist transformation of traditional Chinese paintings into reality. Under the political orientation of expressing the real life, landscape painters began to face the nature to sketch, which is different from the realistic concept of Western painting, and also different from the traditional Chinese landscape painting "teacher-made" mental memory. Through sketching, Chen Xiangyin's traditional landscape pattern was blocked, the scope of landscape theme was expanded, and new expression methods were actively created. Due to the influence of Yan'an period experience and the restriction of Soviet model, influenced by the political atmosphere and the times situation, the landscape paintings in the early years of New China also emphasized the role of political propaganda unilaterally, did not respect the law of art noumenon, neglected the inheritance of traditional brush and ink and artistic conception. This paper mainly discusses the development and reasons of landscape painting in the early period of New China. The first part analyzes the background of landscape painting in the early period of New China, mainly from the controversy of innovative ideas, the guidance of literary and artistic principles, the establishment of art system, the influence of the Soviet Union model, and the demonstration of New Year's painting. The second part discusses the expression of the change of landscape painting in the early period of New China, that is, the change of value orientation, theme content and expression method. Integration of Chinese and Western cultures serves China's purpose.
【学位授予单位】：西安美术学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J212

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