清初“四僧”山水画笔墨语言探究

发布时间：2018-11-16 19:58

【摘要】：在明末清初这个特殊的历史时期中，，苛刻的新政使社会变得异常的动荡，也就是在这混乱的社会环境中，涌现大量和尚画家，这在中国绘画史上都是极其罕见的。“四僧”就是其中最具代表性的和尚画家，这也是笔者选择研究这四位僧人画家的原因之一。“四僧”的绘画表现出与力追古法的“四王”一派不同的艺术取向，他们反对当时画坛泥古成癖的风气，对绘画本体进行了深入的反思。而在那个特殊时期，他们的山水绘画中所显现出的时代精神不仅是“四僧”对艺术不停追求的体现，同时表现着山水画审美趣味的转变，具有较强的研究价值。艺术是时代的产物，是对一个时代最为直观的呈现。中国山水绘画则恰到好处的凸显了这一特征，而中国画的基本就是笔墨。笔墨泛指中国画的用笔用墨，是中国绘画创作的重要手段。笔墨不仅是绘画创作的重要手段，其更重要的功能是传达创作主体的艺术情感，这对现代艺术创作也是尤为重要的。“四僧”正是以其自身特殊的生活经历和内心情感，并在对宋元以来的传统笔墨语言继承并融会贯通的基础上进行实践创新，形成了具有自己强烈情感表现的山水绘画作品。本文旨在通过对“四僧”山水画笔墨语言的研究，将“四僧”山水画笔墨中所蕴藏的实质从表象中揭示出来。本文将“四僧”置于这特殊的历史环境之中，首先，以“四僧”绘画风格形成的背景为切入点，对本文后面的论述作铺垫。其次，将“四僧”山水绘画作品与创作思想相互印证，研究绘画形式是研究山水画最直接的办法，也是研究山笔墨的关键所在。本文着重从作品本体角度分析研究“四僧”山水画绘画中笔墨语言的表现特点，从而揭示“四僧”在山水画笔墨技法上的传承和演进；然后，从情感、地域等方面对“四僧”笔墨所蕴含的深意进行分析；最后，对“四僧”为笔墨语言的发展所做出的重要贡献进行阐述。笔者希望通过对本论题的研究，能够对四僧山水画笔墨的研究引向更加深入的层面，并对现代山水绘画创作起到一定的启示作用。
[Abstract]:In the special historical period of the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty, the harsh New deal made the society become unusually turbulent, that is, in this chaotic social environment, a large number of monks and painters emerged, which is extremely rare in the history of Chinese painting. "four monks" is one of the most representative monk painters, which is one of the reasons why I choose to study the four monks and painters. The painting of "four Monks" shows a different artistic orientation from the "four kings" of "four kings", who object to the idiosyncratic tradition of mud and antiquated in the painting world at that time, and deeply reflect on the painting ontology. In that special period, the spirit of the times displayed in their landscape painting is not only the embodiment of the four monks' pursuit of art, but also the change of aesthetic taste of landscape painting, which has strong research value. Art is the product of the times, is the most intuitive presentation of an era. Chinese landscape painting is just right to highlight this feature, and the basic Chinese painting is ink. Pen and ink refers to the use of ink in Chinese painting, which is an important means of Chinese painting creation. Pen and ink is not only an important means of painting, its more important function is to convey the artistic feelings of the creative subject, which is particularly important for modern art creation. "four monks" is based on their own special life experience and inner feelings, and on the basis of inheriting and integrating the traditional pen and ink language since the Song and Yuan dynasties, the four monks have formed their own strong emotional expression of landscape painting works. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the essence of the "four monks" landscape painting from the surface through the study of the "four monks" landscape painting and ink language. This paper puts "four monks" in this special historical environment. Firstly, the background of the painting style of "four monks" is taken as the starting point to pave the way for the discussion later in this paper. Secondly, the "four monks" landscape painting works and creative ideas mutually corroborate, the study of painting form is the most direct way to study landscape painting, but also the key to study mountain ink. This paper focuses on the analysis and study of the performance characteristics of the painting language of "four monks" in landscape painting from the perspective of works ontology, so as to reveal the inheritance and evolution of the "four monks" in the techniques of landscape painting. Then, from the emotional, regional and other aspects of the "four monks" pen and ink implications of the analysis; finally, the "four monks" for the development of pen and ink language made an important contribution to elaborate. The author hopes that through the study of this topic, it can lead to a deeper level of the study of the four monks' landscape painting, and play a certain role in inspiration to the creation of modern landscape painting.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J212

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