沈宗骞《芥舟学画编》绘画美学思想探析
发布时间：2018-11-21 18:38
【摘要】：沈宗骞是清代著名的绘画理论家，《芥舟学画编》是他重要的绘画理论著作。这部著作集中体现了他的绘画美学思想，无论是创作理念还是具体的实践技法指导，其理论体系的系统性和理论水平的整一性、可操作性是这一时期较为有代表意义的绘画理论著作。 《芥舟学画编》的绘画理论体系，具有着集大成的意义。该著作从山水到人物的画论分析，既有对古人的继承，又有自我的创新。然而就目前的研究成果看，，大多数研究者仅局限于他的“传神”理论研究，而忽视它实践性的美学意义和更为深邃宏阔的美学思想。沈宗骞秉承了明代以来的文人画思想传统，主张师古法，在“杂采各家之妙”中自开生面，他顺古而变的思想对于艺术创作来说意义重大。本文将对其美学思想进行整理和归纳，较为详细的阐释沈宗骞的绘画美学思想。 本文主要从三个方面来作梳理。第一，沈宗骞重视创作主体的修养工夫。心性修养，就是要修心和养心，排除妄念，显现本体，他主张在“清心”中达到“净”，进而在“养心”与“静心”中完成主体的修德立身；对于笔意相发来说，恍若天工的“机神”具有不可预测的勃发之势，如果主体具备了天资禀赋，便会在偶然中“凑会”机神，完成艺术创作的升华。第二，本文将从艺术创作过程论出发，阐释沈宗骞对于空间营造的审美理想，他主张“取势”，“取势”要以气脉连通为根本，遵循自然之理，辄合天妙，进而在强烈的内部冲突中展现一种跌宕多姿的“势趣”。第三，沈宗骞主张实现从“质”到“奇”而“真”的艺术升华，从笔墨文饰的运用入手，笔墨要“质美”，质之趣才可以“得赏音于千古”；他主张在“老境”成熟美的感召下，实现规矩之外的潇洒流利之致；同时，在“艺老似嫩”的回归中，展现“以奇为美”的艺术境界。在沈宗骞的人物画论中，他提出了在“瞬间永恒”之形中展现“全真”之神的美学理论，“观人之神如飞鸟之过目，其去愈速，其神愈全”，这对于人物画的发展来说意义重大。 沈宗骞准确的把握了艺术的创作规律，在继承前人的基础上，他更为详尽地分析了艺术创作的各个部分，内容充实而完备，理论具体而缜密，对于后代的绘画创作和绘画美学研究都有深远的意义。
[Abstract]:Shen Zongqian is a famous painting theorist in Qing Dynasty. This work embodies his aesthetic thoughts of painting, whether it is creative ideas or practical techniques, the systematization of his theoretical system and the integrity of his theoretical level. Maneuverability is a representative work of painting theory in this period. The painting theory system of canoe learning painting is of great significance. The analysis of painting theory from landscape to figure not only inherits the ancients, but also innovates itself. However, from the point of view of the current research results, most of the researchers are confined to his theoretical study of "evocative", but ignore its practical aesthetic significance and more profound and broad aesthetic thoughts. Shen Zongqian inherited the tradition of literati painting since the Ming Dynasty, advocated the ancient method of division, and made his own face in the "miscellaneous collection of the wonderful things". His thought of following the ancient times was of great significance to the artistic creation. This article will sort out and sum up his aesthetic thought and explain Shen Zongqian's aesthetic thought of painting in detail. This paper mainly from three aspects to sort out. First, Shen Zongqian attaches importance to the cultivation of the creative subject. Mental and sexual accomplishment is to practice the mind and the mind, eliminate false thoughts, and show the Noumenon. He advocates to achieve "net" in the "clear mind", and then to complete the cultivation of the subject's morality and body in "nourishing the mind" and "meditation". For the pen and meaning hair, it seems that the "shrewdness" of the natural works has an unpredictable tendency. If the subject has the gift of talent, he will "gather together" the shrewd in the occasional and complete the sublimation of the artistic creation. Second, this paper will explain Shen Zongqian's aesthetic ideal of space construction from the process of artistic creation. He advocates that "taking power" and "taking power" should be based on the connection of Qi and pulse, follow the principle of nature, and be apt to nature. And then in the intense internal conflict to show a ups and downs of the "interest." Third, Shen Zongqian advocated the sublimation of art from "quality" to "wonder" and "truth", starting with the use of brushwork and ink ornaments. He advocates that under the call of mature beauty in the "Old Land", he can realize the natural fluency beyond the rules, and at the same time, in the return of "art as tender as old", he shows the artistic realm of "beauty by wonder". In Shen Zongqian's character painting theory, he puts forward the aesthetic theory of displaying the "Quanzhen" god in the form of "moment and eternity". "watching the god of man is like the passing of a flying bird, the faster it goes, the more complete the god is." This is of great significance to the development of figure painting. Shen Zongqian accurately grasped the law of artistic creation, and on the basis of inheriting his predecessors, he analyzed in more detail the various parts of artistic creation, the contents of which were substantial and complete, and the theory was specific and meticulous. For future generations of painting creation and painting aesthetic research has far-reaching significance.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J201
本文编号：2347930
[Abstract]:Shen Zongqian is a famous painting theorist in Qing Dynasty. This work embodies his aesthetic thoughts of painting, whether it is creative ideas or practical techniques, the systematization of his theoretical system and the integrity of his theoretical level. Maneuverability is a representative work of painting theory in this period. The painting theory system of canoe learning painting is of great significance. The analysis of painting theory from landscape to figure not only inherits the ancients, but also innovates itself. However, from the point of view of the current research results, most of the researchers are confined to his theoretical study of "evocative", but ignore its practical aesthetic significance and more profound and broad aesthetic thoughts. Shen Zongqian inherited the tradition of literati painting since the Ming Dynasty, advocated the ancient method of division, and made his own face in the "miscellaneous collection of the wonderful things". His thought of following the ancient times was of great significance to the artistic creation. This article will sort out and sum up his aesthetic thought and explain Shen Zongqian's aesthetic thought of painting in detail. This paper mainly from three aspects to sort out. First, Shen Zongqian attaches importance to the cultivation of the creative subject. Mental and sexual accomplishment is to practice the mind and the mind, eliminate false thoughts, and show the Noumenon. He advocates to achieve "net" in the "clear mind", and then to complete the cultivation of the subject's morality and body in "nourishing the mind" and "meditation". For the pen and meaning hair, it seems that the "shrewdness" of the natural works has an unpredictable tendency. If the subject has the gift of talent, he will "gather together" the shrewd in the occasional and complete the sublimation of the artistic creation. Second, this paper will explain Shen Zongqian's aesthetic ideal of space construction from the process of artistic creation. He advocates that "taking power" and "taking power" should be based on the connection of Qi and pulse, follow the principle of nature, and be apt to nature. And then in the intense internal conflict to show a ups and downs of the "interest." Third, Shen Zongqian advocated the sublimation of art from "quality" to "wonder" and "truth", starting with the use of brushwork and ink ornaments. He advocates that under the call of mature beauty in the "Old Land", he can realize the natural fluency beyond the rules, and at the same time, in the return of "art as tender as old", he shows the artistic realm of "beauty by wonder". In Shen Zongqian's character painting theory, he puts forward the aesthetic theory of displaying the "Quanzhen" god in the form of "moment and eternity". "watching the god of man is like the passing of a flying bird, the faster it goes, the more complete the god is." This is of great significance to the development of figure painting. Shen Zongqian accurately grasped the law of artistic creation, and on the basis of inheriting his predecessors, he analyzed in more detail the various parts of artistic creation, the contents of which were substantial and complete, and the theory was specific and meticulous. For future generations of painting creation and painting aesthetic research has far-reaching significance.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J201
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