学院教育与当代工笔画的发展
发布时间：2018-11-27 15:00
【摘要】：工笔画在唐宋时期已经发展到顶峰，形成一套规范的表现形式，正因如此，也造成了之后“千人一面”的积弊，最终在文人画兴起后，，逐渐淡出画坛主流，持续低潮几百年。改革开放以来，一批学院科班出身、受过严谨素描训练的工笔画家异军突起，致力于艺术的创新，他们所创造的当代工笔画以崭新的形式、成熟的技法和强大的活力进入人们的视野，迅速成为中国画坛的主流形式。通过对历史和现状的梳理，不难发现，推动工笔画复兴和发展的、或者说促成当代工笔画新面貌的很大关键在于美术学院的教育，而当代工笔画也因此带上一种浓厚的学院味，或说是学院风格。西方美术教育体系引进国内至今已有百年，期间对我国近现代的美术发展产生了重要的作用，更是推动了中国画在近现代的转型。新中国建立后，美术学院掌握了美术界话语权和绝大多数美术人才的培养，当代工笔画在这种语境中发展起来，受其影响似乎是必然的。或许可以说在当代任何文化都难免受到学院或学校教育的影响，所以“学院派”是一个普遍和流行的词汇。但事实上美术学院之于当代工笔画的意义绝不仅仅是普遍性的影响这么简单。当代工笔画的创作先锋多是学院出身，这是一个现象，我们应该透过它看到更深层的东西，简单来说，就是学院画家所受到的写实主义的基础训练与工笔画传统内涵、形式、技法的成熟结合，以及作为新时代的知识分子对时代审美的把握，这才是80年代以来工笔画成功转型和迅速发展的主要原因。 任何一种现象都不会是孤立的、突然出现的，就如贡布里希在《艺术发展史》中说“要记住实际历史中没有新篇章，也没有新开端”，再怎么崭新的事物，只要出现在历史中，总会有它的渊源所在。工笔画在历史上沉寂了几百年，虽然偶有类似于任伯年这样的大师昙花一现，总体的衰势并没有得到改变，其发展已经被自己的范式桎梏，要想有所突破，可能必需要借助某种外力的冲击。西方科学的写实方法传入中国多年，是美术学院教育教学的支柱，并在对中国画的改造过程中、或者说在其与中国绘画自身传统的矛盾行进中逐渐形成了一种合适的体系，特别是对人物画的表现最先成熟起来，这与本身长于造型和写实的工笔画一拍即合，形成了工笔画的时代新风格。因此，虽然看起来当代工笔画仿佛拔地而起，可事实上这个过程仍是比较漫长和复杂的。本文以此为出发点分为四个章节论述：第一、二章分别对美术学院在欧洲和引入中国后的发展做追根溯源的研究，内容论及西方美术学院和在它的背景下产生的写实主义的本质和意义，以及它们在中国的发展和产生的影响；第三章论述当代工笔画的“学院风格”及其形成，主要即是工笔画的在当代的转型和发展过程；第四章梳理当代工笔画与美术学院的关系，总结它们内在的必然联系。
[Abstract]:The fine brushwork has already developed to the peak in the Tang and Song dynasties, and formed a set of standard forms of expression. Because of this, it also caused the "thousands of people side" after the accumulated disadvantages, finally after the rise of literati painting, it gradually faded out of the mainstream of the painting world and lasted for hundreds of years. Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, a number of painters of fine brushwork, who have been trained in rigorous sketch drawing, have suddenly emerged and devoted themselves to the innovation of art. The contemporary meticulous brushwork they have created has taken a brand new form. Mature techniques and strong vitality into people's vision, quickly become the mainstream form of Chinese painting. Through combing through the history and the present situation, it is not difficult to find that the education of the Academy of Fine Arts is the key to promoting the revival and development of the fine brushwork, or the new face of the contemporary fine brushwork, and therefore the contemporary fine brushwork also takes on a strong collegiate flavor. Or college style. It has been a hundred years since the introduction of the western art education system, which has played an important role in the development of Chinese modern art and promoted the transformation of Chinese painting in modern times. After the establishment of New China, the Academy of Fine Arts grasped the right of speech and the cultivation of most fine arts talents. It seems inevitable that contemporary fine brushwork has developed in this context. It may be said that any contemporary culture is inevitably influenced by college or school education, so "academic school" is a popular and popular word. But in fact, the Academy of Fine Arts in the contemporary painting of the meaning of more than the impact of generality is so simple. Most of the creative pioneers of contemporary meticulous brushwork are from college. This is a phenomenon. We should see something deeper through it. In short, it is the basic training of college painters and the traditional connotation and form of meticulous brushwork. The mature combination of technique and technique, as well as the intellectuals' grasp of the times' aesthetics, are the main reasons for the successful transformation and rapid development of the fine brushwork since the 1980s. None of these phenomena will be isolated or sudden, as Gonbridge says in the History of Art, "remember that there is no new chapter or new beginning in real history," and that whatever new things appear in history, There is always its origin. Fine brushwork has been silent for hundreds of years in history. Although there are occasional masters like Ren Bonian who are short-lived, the overall decline has not changed, its development has been shackled by its own paradigm, and it wants to make a breakthrough. There may have to be some kind of external impact. The realistic method of Western science has been introduced into China for many years, which is the pillar of education and teaching in the Academy of Fine Arts, and has gradually formed a suitable system in the process of reforming Chinese painting, or in the process of its contradiction with the traditional Chinese painting itself. In particular, the performance of figure painting first mature, which is good at the shape and realism of the fine brushwork, forming a new style of the era of fine brushwork. Therefore, although it may seem as if contemporary brushwork rises from the ground, the process is in fact a long and complicated one. This article is divided into four chapters as the starting point: the first and second chapters, respectively, the development of the Academy of Fine Arts in Europe and after the introduction of China to do tracing the source of research, The content discusses the essence and significance of the Western Academy of Fine Arts and the realism produced under its background, as well as their development and influence in China. The third chapter discusses the "college style" and its formation of contemporary fine brushwork, which is mainly the transformation and development process of fine brushwork in the contemporary; the fourth chapter combs the relationship between contemporary fine brushwork and fine arts school, summarizes their internal inevitable relations.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J209.2
本文编号：2361204
[Abstract]:The fine brushwork has already developed to the peak in the Tang and Song dynasties, and formed a set of standard forms of expression. Because of this, it also caused the "thousands of people side" after the accumulated disadvantages, finally after the rise of literati painting, it gradually faded out of the mainstream of the painting world and lasted for hundreds of years. Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, a number of painters of fine brushwork, who have been trained in rigorous sketch drawing, have suddenly emerged and devoted themselves to the innovation of art. The contemporary meticulous brushwork they have created has taken a brand new form. Mature techniques and strong vitality into people's vision, quickly become the mainstream form of Chinese painting. Through combing through the history and the present situation, it is not difficult to find that the education of the Academy of Fine Arts is the key to promoting the revival and development of the fine brushwork, or the new face of the contemporary fine brushwork, and therefore the contemporary fine brushwork also takes on a strong collegiate flavor. Or college style. It has been a hundred years since the introduction of the western art education system, which has played an important role in the development of Chinese modern art and promoted the transformation of Chinese painting in modern times. After the establishment of New China, the Academy of Fine Arts grasped the right of speech and the cultivation of most fine arts talents. It seems inevitable that contemporary fine brushwork has developed in this context. It may be said that any contemporary culture is inevitably influenced by college or school education, so "academic school" is a popular and popular word. But in fact, the Academy of Fine Arts in the contemporary painting of the meaning of more than the impact of generality is so simple. Most of the creative pioneers of contemporary meticulous brushwork are from college. This is a phenomenon. We should see something deeper through it. In short, it is the basic training of college painters and the traditional connotation and form of meticulous brushwork. The mature combination of technique and technique, as well as the intellectuals' grasp of the times' aesthetics, are the main reasons for the successful transformation and rapid development of the fine brushwork since the 1980s. None of these phenomena will be isolated or sudden, as Gonbridge says in the History of Art, "remember that there is no new chapter or new beginning in real history," and that whatever new things appear in history, There is always its origin. Fine brushwork has been silent for hundreds of years in history. Although there are occasional masters like Ren Bonian who are short-lived, the overall decline has not changed, its development has been shackled by its own paradigm, and it wants to make a breakthrough. There may have to be some kind of external impact. The realistic method of Western science has been introduced into China for many years, which is the pillar of education and teaching in the Academy of Fine Arts, and has gradually formed a suitable system in the process of reforming Chinese painting, or in the process of its contradiction with the traditional Chinese painting itself. In particular, the performance of figure painting first mature, which is good at the shape and realism of the fine brushwork, forming a new style of the era of fine brushwork. Therefore, although it may seem as if contemporary brushwork rises from the ground, the process is in fact a long and complicated one. This article is divided into four chapters as the starting point: the first and second chapters, respectively, the development of the Academy of Fine Arts in Europe and after the introduction of China to do tracing the source of research, The content discusses the essence and significance of the Western Academy of Fine Arts and the realism produced under its background, as well as their development and influence in China. The third chapter discusses the "college style" and its formation of contemporary fine brushwork, which is mainly the transformation and development process of fine brushwork in the contemporary; the fourth chapter combs the relationship between contemporary fine brushwork and fine arts school, summarizes their internal inevitable relations.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J209.2
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