中国古代早期管乐器及黄钟律管研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 21:16

本文选题：中国　切入点：古代　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2006年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：声学是古代中国最为发育的学科之一，也是中国科学史中内容最丰富的学科之一。有国外学者甚至形象地说“中国是声学的国家”。本文的主要研究方向是我国音乐考古学中的管律学。由于管律学同其它方方面面的社会因素有着直接或间接的联系，所以不能把它仅看作声学的分支，而管律学的这种社会性也是中国古代声学领先世界的一个很重要的原因。中国声学的最大特色和成就在于中国特有的乐律学，而乐律学之根本在于黄钟律管的确定。中国早在五千年前就出现了国家标准律管——黄钟律管，后世历朝历代的统治者也都相当重视黄钟音高的制定，把制律当成国家的基本制度，与度量衡同等看待。所以文章主要从两个方面探讨中国古代管律学。第一部分探讨我国迄今发现最早的管乐器，分析我国早期管乐器的吹法，并通过贾湖骨笛音阶的发展推论出音乐起源中音阶产生发展的规律和动力。第二部分主要通过文献调研和考古测音分析得出我国历代黄钟标准音高，并探讨我国古代黄钟音高变化的原因和趋势。第一章主要研究早期管乐器的起源和流传，对世界各地早期骨笛进行了搜集和整理，借鉴科技考古中的产地研究方法，结合文献记载，通过对骨管乐器形制、名称的考证，综合骨管乐器间的时空分布，探讨了骨管乐器的起源及可能的传播途径并从而揭示古人迁徙和文化交流。第二章在采用斜吹技术的基础上，对2001年最新出土的一只7孔贾湖骨笛进行了测音研究，发现其正确的演奏方法应当是斜吹法，其发音音域不少于两个八度，7孔骨笛一般可以演奏七声音阶，以十二平均律为标准，其音准误差均在常人听觉难以觉察的范围之内，，考虑到实际吹奏时的技术性校正，贾湖骨笛实际演奏乐曲的音准度堪称史前奇迹。这项研究的重要成果是对比研究了贾湖骨笛的吹法，确定贾湖骨笛应该是采用斜吹法，这种吹法很可能是最古老的管乐器演奏方法。河南省八千年前新石器时期贾湖遗址中发现的可演奏骨笛开启了我们对目前已知最早的音乐声阶的研究。为了进一步探索八千年前音乐的演变，我们在第三章中对两根贾湖早期的骨笛(公元前7000—6600年)进行测音，并采用现代音乐软件来分析其音调构成。同时公布了新近发掘的一根中期骨笛M511：4(公元
[Abstract]:Acoustics is one of the most developed disciplines in ancient China. It is also one of the most abundant subjects in the history of Chinese science. Some foreign scholars even say vividly that "China is the country of acoustics". The main research direction of this paper is the regulation of music archaeology in China. There is a direct or indirect connection between its various social factors, So we can't just think of it as a branch of acoustics, and the sociality of tutorology is also a very important reason for the world's leading acoustics in ancient China. The greatest characteristic of Chinese acoustics and its success lies in the unique Chinese music science. The fundamental reason for music law is the determination of the Huang Zhong Rhythm. As early as 5,000 years ago, there was a national standard Rhythm-the Yellow Bell Rhythm in China, and the rulers of later dynasties also attached great importance to the setting of the pitch of the Yellow Bell. Regard the law as the basic system of the country, and treat it equally with the measure and measure. Therefore, the article mainly discusses the ancient Chinese pipe law from two aspects. The first part discusses the earliest wind instrument found so far in our country, and analyzes the blowing method of the early wind instrument in our country. And through the development of Jihu bone flute scale, we infer the law and motive force of the development of musical scale in the origin of music. The second part is mainly through literature investigation and archaeological analysis to get the standard pitch of the yellow bell in the past dynasties of our country. The causes and trends of the change of the pitch of the ancient yellow bell in China are also discussed. The first chapter mainly studies the origin and spread of the early wind instrument, collects and arranges the early bone flute around the world, draws lessons from the origin research method in the science and technology archaeology, combines the literature record, through the textual research to the bone wind instrument shape, the name, Based on the spatial and temporal distribution of bony wind instruments, the origin and possible transmission of bony wind instruments are discussed, and the migration and cultural exchange of the ancients are revealed. In the second chapter, on the basis of the oblique blowing technique, we study the sound measurement of a 7-hole Ja Hu bone flute unearthed in 2001. It is found that the correct playing method should be the oblique blowing method. Its pronunciation range is not less than two octave 7 holes bone flute can generally play seven sound levels, based on the law of 12 average as the standard, its sound error is within the range of hearing is difficult to detect, taking into account the actual play technical correction, The sound level of the actual music played by the Jia Hu bone flute is a prehistoric miracle. The important result of this study is to compare and study the blowing method of the Jia lake bone flute, and to determine that the Jia Hu bone flute should adopt the oblique blowing method. This is probably the oldest wind instrument to play. In order to further explore the evolution of music 8,000 years ago, the discovery of playing bone flute in the Neolithic Jiahu site in Henan Province opened up our research on the earliest known musical scales. In chapter 3, we measure the sounds of two early Jiahu bone flutes (7000-6600 BC) and use modern music software to analyze their tonal composition. We also publish a newly discovered mid-stage bone flute M511: 4.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：J632;K875.5

【引证文献】