儒道音乐思想中的“知、情、志”

发布时间：2018-03-30 19:42

本文选题：音乐　切入点：情感　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：对儒家、道家思想而言，音乐不只是个人情智的体现，还是社会生活的反映。究竟儒道两家如何论证音乐思想中的“知、情、志”，如何描述“知、情、志”相互交融、求同存异的过程和精髓，是探讨儒道两家音乐思想中不可忽视的课题。所谓“知”性追求，就是主体对客体的认知、感知。荀子认为一切知皆来源于内心的感受。“知”这种主观感受通过发挥主观能动性，借由外在感官将感觉传达到内心，维护主观感知世界与客观现实世界稳定的关系，儒家思想中对知的追求可谓是具有重要的代表性。而道家思想则反驳“知”的存在，坚持一切事物的自然性，认为自然的才是最美的。儒道音乐思想中的“情”最蕴涵深意，主体对客体情感的投入是诞生优秀音乐作品的前提，通过把个人情感与音乐本体融为一体，进而释放出更多的形制、情志。儒家主张音乐应符合伦理之情，是主体情感投入后所产出的实际成果，它是决定乐之所以为乐的根本条件。道家音乐思想则推崇本真之情，，拒绝音乐中加入任何情欲。 “志”的体现是通过“知”与“情”来实现的，志趣的实现过程是主体对客体赋予思想，使听乐者受之感悟。儒家思想向来重视音乐教化，认为通过礼乐的熏陶可以改变人的自身修养以及社会的风气，达到治国安邦的理想状态。而道家思想则以自然适性之乐回复社会的原始面貌，反对音乐教化，一切与自然为师。儒道音乐思想中的“知、情、志”与现实相结合体现在对艺术作品的创作和欣赏两方面。就作者而言，将内心情志化为外在形象是其创作的目的，这是一种作者认知的体现；就欣赏者而言，即必须通过探索艺术品的外在形象，进而寻找出作者蕴藏在其中的情志，才能从体验作者的情境情志而理解作品的意义意味，这是一种体知，可以说体现和体知这种双向交流的心灵活动是儒道音乐思想中的“知、情、志”这个概念的具体体现。本文力图在哲学、美学、史学的文化背景下，探寻儒道音乐思想中的“知、情、志”，挖掘其内在之质、生发之源、流脉之深。
[Abstract]:To Confucianism and Taoism, music is not only a reflection of human intelligence, but also a reflection of social life.How the Confucianism and Taoist schools demonstrate the "knowledge, emotion, ambition" in music thought, and how to describe the process and essence of "knowing, feeling and will", seeking common ground while reserving differences, is a subject that can not be ignored in the music thought of Confucianism and Taoism.The so-called "knowledge" pursuit is the subject's cognition and perception of the object.Xunzi believes that all knowledge comes from inner feelings.The subjective feeling of "knowing" can be regarded as an important representative of the pursuit of knowledge in Confucian thought, by exerting subjective initiative, conveying the feeling to the heart by external senses, and maintaining the stable relationship between the subjective perceptual world and the objective real world.Taoism refutes the existence of "know", insists on the naturalness of all things, and thinks that nature is the most beautiful thing.The "emotion" in the music thought of Confucianism and Taoism contains the most profound meaning, the subject's input to the object emotion is the premise of the birth of the excellent music works, by combining the personal emotion with the music body, and then releasing more forms and feelings.Confucianism holds that music should conform to ethics and be the actual result of the subject's emotional input, which is the basic condition for determining the reason why music is happy.The Taoist music thought respected the true feelings and refused to add any lust to the music.The embodiment of "Zhi" is realized by "knowing" and "feeling", and the process of realizing interest is that the subject endows the thought to the object and makes the listener understand it.Confucianism has always attached importance to music education, thought that through the influence of etiquette and music can change the self-cultivation and social atmosphere, to achieve the ideal state of governing the country.The Taoist thought reverts to the original appearance of society with the music of natural adaptation, opposes music education, and everything and nature as a teacher.The combination of knowledge, emotion and ambition in Confucianism and Taoism is embodied in the creation and appreciation of works of art.As far as the author is concerned, the purpose of his creation is to transform his inner feelings into external images, which is the embodiment of his cognition; for appreciators, it is necessary to explore the external images of works of art, and then to find out the feelings in which the author lies.Only then can we understand the meaning of the work from the experience of the author's situational feelings. This is a kind of body knowledge, which can be said to be the concrete embodiment of the concept of "knowing, feeling, will" in Confucianism and Taoism music thought.Under the cultural background of philosophy, aesthetics and historiography, this paper tries to explore the "knowledge, emotion and ambition" in the music thought of Confucianism and Taoism, and to dig out its inner quality, the source of its birth and the depth of its flow.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J601

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