论巴赫音乐的世俗性

发布时间：2019-01-22 13:44

【摘要】：约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫1685年生于德国的爱森纳赫，祖辈皆以音乐为生，有很多还是当地有名的乐师。而巴赫生活的时代，是欧洲历史上有名的文艺复兴时期。欧洲诸国在经历了教会漫长而黑暗的一千年统治后，教会的地位逐渐下降，人的价值则越来越被重视。科学、哲学、艺术等领域呈现一派欣欣向荣的景象。随着马丁·路德金的宗教改革，德国的宗教音乐组成也开始变化。他创制的众赞歌以德语为歌词，旋律均来自民间曲调。而作为虔诚的新教徒，巴赫把这位宗教领袖创造的新体裁发扬光大。其作品反映人民真实生活，从多方面呈现出世俗性。全文由绪论和正文的四章组成，绪论阐述了本论文的研究背景和研究现状。第一章开门见山提出巴赫世俗性的概念，首先交代巴赫所处时代的大宗教背景，指出文中所提世俗性与当今社会不是同一概念。在第二章中，阐述了巴赫音乐世俗性产生的历史背景和原因。首先，通过对于基督教义的解读、马丁路德宗教改革分析以及巴赫对于宗教的态度来阐释宗教对于巴赫世俗性的影响。第二，描述文艺复兴时期人文思想及巴洛克时期艺术风格对于巴赫音乐世俗性的影响。第三，对其个人成长经历做了补充分析。通过对巴赫六个不同时期的成长、生活、学习以及工作的具体情况描述，展现了一个立体的、有血有肉的巴赫。其中包括了他幼年丧失双亲、与哥哥共同生活、童年的学习经历、与同行之间的竞争以及与权贵的矛盾等等；然后分时期对其主要的音乐作品进行了总结。因为巴赫尽职尽责，做管风琴师的时候就写下大量管风琴曲键盘曲，做宫廷乐师的时候就一心写乐队合奏形式。所以他的创作活动十分易于梳理——即创作跟着工作走，无论到哪里工作，都尽力创作符合自己职业的音乐体裁。而他不断换工作的原因，则是为了赚取更丰厚的报酬以养家糊口。随后，是对于巴赫一生所做贡献的归纳：如今以作曲家名满天下的巴赫，生前却是以管风琴博得大家认可的。除了演奏管风琴，他还是够格的制琴师。他对于十二平均律的推广以及在复调音乐上取得的巅峰成就，使得他当成无愧地被称为“欧洲音乐之父”。他的《十二平均律钢琴曲集》已成为后人研究作曲和键盘演奏的典范。第三章通过对巴赫的两类音乐（宗教音乐和世俗音乐）中的多体裁进行分析，在乐谱中、音响里、创作背景上找寻世俗性的踪迹。他的创作涉及非常广，除了歌剧，几乎所有体裁都有作品。为宗教创作了康塔塔、受难乐、赞美歌等体裁，，世俗体裁主要是器乐曲（也有世俗康塔塔，是大型合唱），包括了变奏曲、协奏曲、奏鸣曲等。第四章为对巴赫音乐世俗性的总结和思考，提出其世俗性的进步性以及对于当今艺术的启示性。并写下一些笔者对于演奏巴赫的新思考。
[Abstract]:Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany, in 1685. Bach lived in a period known as the Renaissance in European history. After a long and dark millennia of the church, the status of the church has gradually declined, and the value of man has been paid more and more attention to in the European countries. Science, philosophy, art and other fields show a thriving scene. With the religious reform of Martin Ludkin, the composition of religious music in Germany began to change. His hymns are written in German, with melodies from folk tunes. As a devout Protestant, Bach carried forward the new genre created by the religious leader. His works reflect the real life of the people and present a secular nature in many ways. The thesis is composed of four chapters: introduction, background and current situation. In the first chapter, the author puts forward the concept of Bach's secularism, first of all, explains the big religious background of Bach's time, and points out that the secular nature mentioned in this paper is not the same concept as that mentioned in today's society. In the second chapter, it expounds the historical background and reasons of the secular nature of Bach's music. First of all, through the interpretation of Christian meaning, the analysis of Martin Luther's religious reform and Bach's attitude to religion, this paper explains the influence of religion on Bach's secular nature. Secondly, it describes the influence of Renaissance humanistic thought and Baroque artistic style on Bach's music. Third, the personal growth experience of the supplementary analysis. By describing the growth, life, study and work of Bach in six different periods, this paper presents a solid, flesh and blood Bach. It includes his childhood loss of parents, living with his brother, his childhood learning experience, competition with his peers and contradictions with the rich and powerful, and then summarizes his main music works in different periods. Because Bach did his duty and wrote a lot of organ songs while he was an organist, and a court musician devoted himself to the form of orchestra ensemble. So his creative activities are very easy to sort out-that is, to work with his work, wherever he works, to create a genre of music that suits his profession. The reason he kept changing jobs was to earn more money to support his family. Then there was a summary of Bach's contributions to his life: Bach, now famous as a composer, had won recognition for his organ. In addition to playing the organ, he is a qualified pianist. His promotion of the law of twelve and his pinnacle in polyphonic music make him a worthy "father of European music". His collection of twelve-average piano music has become a model for later generations to study composition and keyboard playing. The third chapter analyzes Bach's two kinds of music (religious music and secular music) in order to find the secular trace in music score sound creation background. His works are so extensive that almost all genres except operas have works. For the religious creation of Contata, crucifixion, praise songs and other genres, secular genre is mainly instrumental music (also secular Conta, is a large chorus), including variations, Concerto, sonata and so on. The fourth chapter summarizes and ponders the secular nature of Bach's music, and puts forward its progressiveness and enlightenment to contemporary art. And write down some of the writer's new thinking about playing Bach.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J605

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