一种聚丙烯基功能材料的吸附性能及其净化气体应用研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 21:11

本文关键词：一种聚丙烯基功能材料的吸附性能及其净化气体应用研究　出处：《河北大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：室内空气污染是继煤烟型污染、光化学型污染后的第三代污染问题。随着大量的建筑装修装饰材料、家用电器等进入人们的住宅之中,加之大气污染,造成室内污染物的来源多而且组份更加复杂,对人们的身体健康构成危害。室内空气净化是人们亟需解决的问题,吸附是经典的室内空气净化技术,并且可以和其他多种净化技术协同应用,因此,研发和选择更高效的吸附材料用于室内空气净化也就成为该领域学者的主要研究内容。本论文对一种聚丙烯基功能材料对室内空气污染中最常见的污染物甲醛的吸附性能进行了考察研究,并探索其应用于室内污染空气的净化。论文中首先使用Boehm滴定、热重分析、红外分析、扫描电镜等对H型和Na型聚丙烯基功能材料及活性炭进行了特性表征。然后在实验室中使用动态平衡吸附系统和静态吸附系统来研究揭示聚丙烯基功能材料对甲醛的吸附特性。最后将聚丙烯基功能材料联合过滤技术应用于空气净化器中进行应用探索,在环境实验舱中模拟受甲醛和PM_(2.5)污染的室内环境,对净化器的综合净化效果进行了评价。研究结果如下:1、分析了聚丙烯基功能材料和活性炭表面特性的差异。聚丙烯基功能材料和活性炭的表面都含有较多微孔,起到运输孔道和毛细凝聚的作用,聚丙烯基功能材料表面的官能团含量明显高于活性炭,有利于增加吸附性能。但是聚丙烯基功能材料的热性能较活性炭差,尤其是H型功能材料。2、揭示了聚丙烯基功能材料和活性炭在不同的温度条件下对甲醛的吸附特性。结果表明:在甲醛浓度低的情况下,吸附净化甲醛使用Na型功能材料和活性炭比H型功能材料效果好;在低温高浓度下,使用Na型功能材料比活性炭和H型功能材料效果好;在高温高浓度下,Na型功能材料和活性炭都比H型功能材料有效。聚丙烯基功能材料和活性炭吸附甲醛的过程均为放热过程,温度增高时吸附量减少。使用Slips方程对H型功能材料拟合度较好。使用Slips方程和Toth方程对Na型功能材料拟合度较好。使用Langmuir等温方程和Slips方程对活性炭吸附平衡等温线拟合度较好。Na型功能材料具有吸附速率快,在高浓度时不易达到饱和的特点。3、提供了一种将Na型功能材料和活性炭同时应用于吸附净化网中的方法。一方面,通用空气净化器用于装填吸附材料的净化网的厚度为2cm,由于两种吸附剂的密度和粒径都不同,二者直接混合装填为厚度比较大的单层吸附净化网时,在初始运行阶段,聚丙烯基功能材料粒径小,会填充在活性炭颗粒之间,造成风阻较大,运行一段时间后,随着风的扰动,由于聚丙烯基功能材料密度大,会沉在蜂窝状孔洞的下层压实,导致两种吸附剂混合不均匀,空气只会在活性炭中穿过而与聚丙烯基功能材料接触面很小。另一方面,若使用两种较薄的吸附网,则骨架太柔软,装填到净化器中会出现漏风的现象。设计了双层结构将Na型功能材料和活性炭制作成吸附净化网来解决上述问题。4、探讨了将吸附剂应用到空气净化器中可操作性强的三个方案,并评价了各种方案净化室内空气的效果。方案一为Na型功能材料吸附网和HEPA过滤网组合,方案二为活性炭吸附网和HEPA过滤网组合,方案三为双层吸附网和HEPA过滤网组合。结果表明方案二对PM_(2.5)净化效果较好,洁净空气量(CADR)为94.42m3/h,净化效率为31.47%,30min的去除率达到了98.55%。具有Na型功能材料和活性炭的双层吸附网的方案三对甲醛的净化效果最好,2h甲醛去除率接近80%,净化效率为2.69%,保证了活性炭和Na型功能材料分别在低浓度和高浓度时能够对甲醛保持较高的吸附量,并发挥出Na型功能材料吸附速率快的特点,同时在30min内对PM_(2.5)的去除率接近方案一,达到94.11%,因而在实际应用中选用方案三为宜。
[Abstract]:Indoor air pollution is the third generation of coal smoke pollution, pollution problems. After photochemical pollution with a large number of building decoration materials, household appliances into people's residence, and the air pollution caused by indoor pollutant source, more and more complex components, harm to people's health. Indoor air purification people need to solve the problem, the adsorption is the classic technique for indoor air purification, and purification technology and other collaborative applications, therefore, adsorption materials R & D and choose a more effective for indoor air purification has become the main research contents of scholars in this field. This paper makes a study on the adsorption properties of a polypropylene matrix the most common functional material on the formaldehyde in the indoor air pollution, and to explore its application in the purification of indoor air pollution. The first use of Boe HM titration, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared analysis and characterization of H type and Na type active carbon based functional materials and polypropylene by scanning electron microscope. Then use the dynamic equilibrium adsorption system in the laboratory and static adsorption system to reveal polypropylene functional materials based on formaldehyde adsorption properties. The combined application of filtration technology polypropylene based functional materials in the air purifier in the application of exploration, in the environmental chamber simulated by formaldehyde and PM_ (2.5) pollution of the indoor environment, the comprehensive purification effect of the purifier was evaluated. The results are as follows: 1, analyzed the differences of polypropylene based functional materials and activated carbon surface properties. The surface of polypropylene based function materials and activated carbon are rich in micropores, to transport pore and capillary condensation effect, surface functional group content polypropylene based functional materials was significantly higher than that of activated carbon, favorable To increase the absorption performance. But the thermal properties of polypropylene based functional materials with activated carbon, especially H type.2 functional materials, reveals the polypropylene based functional materials and activated carbon under different temperature conditions of formaldehyde adsorption. The results showed that: in the case of low concentration of formaldehyde, formaldehyde adsorption purification using Na functional materials and activated carbon than type H functional materials with good effect; in the low temperature and high concentration, the use of Na functional materials than activated carbon and H type functional materials with good effect; at high concentrations, Na functional materials and activated carbon have effect than H type functional materials. The process of polypropylene based functional materials and activity carbon adsorption of formaldehyde is an exothermic process, the temperature increases when the adsorption amount decreases. For H type functional materials well fitted using the Slips equation. The Na functional materials well fitted using the Slips equation and Toth equation. Using the Langmuir isothermal equation And the Slips equation with the activated carbon adsorption isotherm better fitting degree of.Na type functional material adsorption rate was fast and easy to reach the saturation characteristics of.3 in high concentration, provides a Na type functional material and activated carbon adsorption purification method is also applied to the net. On the one hand, the general air purifier for fillingadsorption material for the purification of net thickness of 2cm, the two kinds of adsorbent density and particle size are different, the two is directly mixed filling for the relatively large thickness of single layer adsorption purification net, in the initial operation stage, polypropylene based functional materials with small particle size, will fill in between the activated carbon particles, resulting in drag larger operation after a period of time, with the wind disturbance, because the polypropylene based functional materials with high density, will sink in the compaction of honeycomb holes, resulting in two kinds of adsorbents are not mixed evenly, the air will only be in active carbon through with poly Allyl functional material contact surface is small. On the other hand, if the use of two kinds of thin adsorption, is loaded into the skeleton is too soft, there will be the phenomenon of air purifier is designed. The double-layer structure type Na functional materials and made into activated carbon adsorption purification network to solve the problem of.4, discusses the the adsorbent applied to three schemes of air purifier with strong operability, and evaluation of the various schemes of indoor air purification effect. A program for the Na type functional material adsorption network and HEPA filter combination scheme for activated carbon adsorption and HEPA filter combination, scheme three is double adsorption net and HEPA filter the combination of PM_ program. The results showed that two (2.5) had better purification effect, clean air volume (CADR) was 94.42m3/h, the purification efficiency is 31.47%, the removal rate of 30min reached 98.55%. with Na type functional materials and activated carbon adsorption double network scheme The best purification effect of formaldehyde on 2H three, formaldehyde removal rate close to 80%, the purification efficiency of 2.69%, to ensure the active carbon and Na functional materials respectively in low and high concentrations can keep high adsorption capacity of formaldehyde, and play out the characteristics of Na type functional material adsorption speed, at the same time within 30min PM_ (2.5) removal rate reached 94.11%, close to the program, so that in the practical application selection scheme three is appropriate.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X51;TU834.8

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