改性竹丝装饰材性能研究及综合评价

发布时间：2018-01-25 03:49

本文关键词： 竹丝装饰材阻燃处理防霉涂饰吸湿缓冲值光老化综合评价　出处：《中国林业科学研究院》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：竹丝装饰材,是以竹丝为基本结构单元,通过编织或胶粘制成的装饰材料的总称,这种材料具有原料利用率高、装饰效果好、产品可塑性强、便于安装回收等优点,被广泛应用于室内墙体及天花板的装饰装修中,是竹材装饰领域内的思维创新,引领着家居装饰的新潮流。作为室内装饰的竹丝装饰料,必须具备的安全性、耐久性、舒适性等产品性能,这方面的研究成果较少,诸多处于空白状态。因此,对常用的竹丝装饰材进行性能研究和综合评价,将为完善产品性能和制定标准提供理论支持,对提高产品附加值和系列化推广具有重大的现实意义。本论文以常用经济竹种毛竹材为原料,制造出近青面(OB)、近黄面(IB)2种竹丝装饰材,采用磷酸脒基脲阻燃剂和硼酸硼砂复配(1:1)阻燃剂,对其进行阻燃改性,在此基础上使用木蜡油、清漆以及IPBC硅丙乳液对竹丝装饰材表面进行防霉涂饰,从居室环境需求角度出发,从阻燃、防霉、视觉、吸湿、光老化5个方面,对改性前后的竹丝装饰材进行系统研究,并以此为量化评价因子采取定量与定性相结合的方式构建综合评价体系,对竹丝装饰材产品进行性能综合评价。主要研究结论如下:(1)竹丝装饰材及阻燃改性产品在燃烧过程的热释放过程中热释放总量(THR)遵循THROBTHRIB的规律。在烟释放过程中,空白组和硼酸硼砂复配组的烟释放总量(TSP)遵循TSPOBTSPIB,而磷酸脒基脲处理组为TSPIBTSPOB。磷酸脒基脲阻燃剂具有较好的抑热效果,硼酸硼砂复配的阻燃剂具有更好的抑烟作用。通过热解特性研究发现,阻燃处理竹丝装饰材的热降解进程发生改变,与竹丝装饰材空白组相比,阻燃处理组由于阻燃剂的催化成炭作用,残炭率明显增加,其中硼酸硼砂复配组和磷酸脒基脲处理组在800℃时残余质量分数由6.78%分别增加到16.21%和33.62%。通过对比各组竹丝装饰材的热释放、烟释放指标以及热解特性综合看来,磷酸脒基脲阻燃剂阻燃效果最佳。(2)防霉研究表明:磷酸脒基脲处理的竹丝装饰材(NP-OB/IB组)抗霉菌效力略大于空白组(OB/IB),IPBC硅丙乳液能有效防治多种霉菌及蓝变菌的侵染,防治效力达到100%,醇酸清漆、木蜡油不具备霉菌防治能力;经醇酸清漆和木蜡油表面涂饰的竹丝装饰材的热释放值和烟释放值远高于阻燃处理组(NP组);经IPBC硅丙乳液涂饰的竹丝装饰材(NP-C组)其热释放值略高于阻燃处理组,烟释放值低于空白组,表现为良好的抑烟性能。综合各涂饰剂的防霉防变色效果和热释放、烟释放指标看来,IPBC硅丙乳液作为表面改性剂能够同时达到防霉防变色和抑烟的效果。(3)竹丝装饰材的OB组和IB组的明度测试值分布在70.71~74.56和77.71~82.27之间,红绿轴色品指数分别在5.32~5.65和3.17~3.44之间,黄蓝轴色品指数在27.59~28.84和21.91~24.72之间,材色主要集中于黄色-橙色之间;平行于竹丝长度入射方向的光泽度测量值(GZL)均大于垂直于竹丝长度条件下的测量值(GZT),IPBC硅丙乳液涂饰的竹丝装饰材表面光泽度最大;竹丝装饰材装饰室内空间可以呈现“天然”、“温暖”和“装饰”的视觉心理印象。(4)竹丝装饰材对室内湿环境起到调节缓冲作用,在吸湿-放湿循环周期内质量变化呈周期性阶梯状上升趋势,各处理组间表现为NP组空白组NP-C组,组内表现为OBIB,吸放湿周期内表现为MBV吸湿MBV放湿。通过实例分析得出在相对湿度为60%~85%的高湿地区,竹丝装饰材吸放湿量排序为:NPOB空白OBNPIB空白IBNP-COBNP-CIB,竹丝装饰材NPOB具有最佳的湿缓冲性能。(5)对竹丝装饰材进行人工加速光老化研究表明:通过扫描电镜观察得到光辐照160h时竹材薄壁细胞的角隅处和复合中层出现了清晰的分层现象,在较为薄弱的纹孔周围已率先出现了裂纹,且随着光照时间的增加(335h),裂纹不断延伸可贯穿几个纹孔;薄壁细胞中沉积的磷酸脒基脲经335h的光辐照后阻燃剂由融絮状转化为不规则的块状;IPBC硅丙乳液涂饰材光辐照后涂层完整无开裂现象。色度指标的比较表明:光老化时间增加,空白组(OB/IB)和阻燃处理组(NP-OB/IB)的颜色变深、变暗,涂饰组颜色变黄,明度值呈下降趋势,红绿指数a、黄蓝指数b以及总色差ΔE均呈上升趋势,阻燃防霉处理组光稳定性较差。光老化后,空白组和NP组中FTIR图谱均在1512cm-1、1462cm-1、1330cm-1、1244cm-1表征木质素芳环结构的吸收峰基本消失,木质素发生降解;位于1735cm-1、1050cm-1、897cm-1的纤维素和半纤维素的吸收峰经335h光辐照后以上特征峰值仍然存在;涂饰组在1111、1353、1640、1728cm-1处的伸缩振动峰值发生变化,这些变化都是由IPBC硅丙乳液复杂的光降解反应造成的。(6)竹丝装饰材多层次模糊评价由三级评价体系组成,各级评价分别有2个、5个和20个评价指标。一级评价指标因素的权重表现为:材料性能(0.591)环境性能(0.409);二级评价指标因素的权重顺序为:舒适性(0.354)安全性(0.348)耐久性(0.296);安装与维护(0.545)环境与能耗(0.455)。通过对竹丝装饰材的模糊综合评价结果中得出,空白组评价值为79.451,阻燃组评价值为82.018,防霉-阻燃处理组评价值83.217。空白组竹丝装饰材的模糊综合评价结果处于“一般”范围内,阻燃组和防霉-阻燃组的模糊综合评价结果处于“良好”范围内,改性产品更具应用价值。
[Abstract]:The bamboo decorative material, with bamboo as the basic structural unit, which is made by weaving or adhesive decorative material, this material has high utilization rate of raw materials, products of good decorative effect, strong plasticity, easy installation and recovery, is widely used in interior wall and ceiling decoration, is thinking the innovation of bamboo decoration in the field, leading the new trend of Home Furnishing decoration. As the bamboo decorative material for indoor decoration, must have the safety, durability, comfort and other performance of the product, less research in this area, many in a blank state. Therefore, the performance research and comprehensive evaluation of bamboo decoration commonly used materials, to improve product performance and provide theoretical support for the formulation of standards, to improve the product has great practical significance and popularization value series. In this paper, the common economic bamboo wood as raw material, producing nearly Green (OB), yellow (IB) nearly 2 kinds of bamboo decorative material, using guanylurea phosphate flame retardant boric acid and borax compound (1:1) flame retardant, the flame retardant modification, the use of wood wax based on IPBC varnish and silicone acrylic emulsion on bamboo decorative material surface for mold coating from the demand point of view, the living environment, from the visual, flame retardant, anti mildew, moisture absorption, light aging 5 aspects of modified bamboo decorative material before and after a systematic study, and as a quantitative evaluation factor by quantitative and qualitative methods to construct a comprehensive evaluation system, comprehensive evaluation on the performance of bamboo decorative material the product. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the bamboo decorative material and flame retardant products during the release of heat in the combustion process of the total heat release (THR) follow the THROBTHRIB rule. The smoke release process, the blank group and the group of compound boric acid borax total smoke release (TSP) followed by TS POBTSPIB, while guanylurea phosphate treatment group TSPIBTSPOB. amidinourea phosphate flame retardant has better effect of anti heat, flame retardant boric acid borax compound has better smoke suppression effects. The pyrolysis characteristics of the study found that the process of thermal degradation of flame retardant processing bamboo decorative material change, compared with the blank group of bamboo decorative material flame retardant, flame retardant treatment group due to the catalytic charring effect, carbon residue rate increased significantly, the compound boric acid borax group and guanylurea phosphate treatment at 800 DEG C of the residual mass fraction from 6.78% to 16.21% and increased the release of 33.62%. by comparing each group of bamboo decorative material of the heat, smoke release index and pyrolysis characteristics in general, guanylurea phosphate flame retardant effect is the best. (2) - research shows that bamboo decorative material amidine phosphate urea treatment (group NP-OB/IB) anti fungal effect is slightly larger than the control group (OB/IB), IPBC silicone acrylic emulsion can Effective prevention and treatment of infection of various molds and blue stain fungi, control effect reached 100%, alkyd varnish, wood wax does not have the ability to control the mold; bamboo decorative material alkyd varnish and wood wax surface coating of heat release and smoke release was much higher than that of flame retardant treatment group (NP group); the bamboo decorative material. IPBC silicone acrylic emulsion (NP-C) heat release values are slightly higher than the flame retardant treatment group, smoke release value lower than that of the control group, showed a good smoke suppression performance. The mold finishing agent anti discoloration effect and heat release, it seems the smoke release index, IPBC silicone acrylate emulsion as surface modifier can be achieved mildew discoloration and smoke suppression effect. (3) OB group and IB group of bamboo decorative material brightness test value distribution between 70.71~74.56 and 77.71~82.27, the red green axis color index respectively between 5.32~5.65 and 3.17~3.44, yellow blue axis color index in 27.59~28.84 and 21.91 ~24.72, the wood color mainly in yellow - orange; gloss measured parallel to the incident direction of the bamboo filament length value (GZL) were greater than the measured perpendicular to the length of bamboo filament value under the condition of IPBC (GZT), silicone acrylic emulsion finishing the surface gloss of bamboo decorative material; bamboo decorative material decorative interior space can appear "natural", "visual psychological impression of warmth" and "decoration". (4) the bamboo decorative material to adjust the buffer effect on indoor humidity environment, moisture absorption and moisture in the quality change cycle periodically stepped up trend, all the groups showed NP group NP-C group. In the group is OBIB, the moisture absorption and desorption cycle performance for MBV MBV moisture wet. Through the analysis of examples in the relative humidity of 60%~85% in high humidity area, wet weight ranked suction bamboo decorative material: NPOB OBNPIB blank blank IBNP-COBNP-CIB, bamboo decorative material NPOB Has the best performance of the wet buffer. (5) the bamboo decorative material by artificial accelerated light aging studies show that by scanning electron microscope light irradiation of 160H at the corner of the bamboo parenchyma cells and composite middle delaminated clear, around the pit is weak has taken the lead in a crack, and with the increase of the illumination time (335h), the crack extending through several pits; guanylurea phosphate deposition of parenchyma cells in the light irradiation after 335h flame retardant by melting flocculent into irregular lumps; IPBC silicone acrylic emulsion coating material of light irradiation after coating integrity without cracking phenomenon. Compared the color index light: the increase of aging time, the blank group (OB/IB) and flame retardant treatment group (NP-OB/IB) of the dark, dark yellow color, coating group, lightness value decreased, red green yellow blue index a, index B and the color of delta E showed an upward trend, Flame retardant mildew treatment group light stability is poor. After light aging, blank group and NP group were 1512cm-11462cm-11330cm-11244cm-1 FTIR spectrum characterization of lignin absorption peaks of aromatic ring structure disappeared, lignin degradation occurs; in 1735cm-11050cm-1897cm-1, cellulose and hemicellulose absorption peaks by 335h light irradiation after the above characteristic peak still exists; stretching vibration the peak at 1111135316401728cm-1 in the finishing group changes, these changes are caused by the photodegradation of IPBC silicone acrylic emulsion complex. (6) the bamboo decorative material of multi level fuzzy evaluation by three level evaluation system, evaluation levels were 2, 5 and 20. A performance evaluation index weight evaluation factors for material properties: (0.591) environmental performance (0.409); the weight order of the two evaluation indexes of factors: (0.354) comfort safety durability (0.2 (0.348) 96); (0.545) the installation and maintenance of the environment and energy consumption (0.455). The bamboo decorative material is obtained through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results, the blank group evaluation value is 79.451, the flame retardant group evaluation value is 82.018, mold - flame retardant treatment group evaluation fuzzy comprehensive evaluation 83.217. blank group of bamboo decorative material results in the "general" range, flame retardant group and flame retardant group mold - fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results in a "good" range, modified products have more application value.

【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS612

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