石嘴山市新装修居室空气污染物动态变化及其健康影响

发布时间：2018-02-03 21:22

本文关键词： 空气污染室内甲醛苯卫生调查　出处：《环境与健康杂志》2008年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的通过对新装修居室空气污染物进行6个月的连续监测,研究居室空气中甲醛、苯、氨、氡动态变化规律及对健康的影响。方法选择城市的不同方位,随机抽取符合条件的4个小区,67户装修家庭,在装修后15d、1、2、3、4、5、6个月对居室空气中甲醛、苯、氨、氡连续追踪监测,研究不同时间污染物浓度变化情况。并采用中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所统一设计的"室内环境与居民健康调查表"对被选定住户的所有长住成员进行现场问卷调查。结果装修后15d,居室内放射性氡全部符合国家标准(氡≤400Bq/m3)。装修后2个月,氨浓度达到了国家标准(氨≤0.20mg/m3)。装修后15d、1、2个月甲醛浓度超标率分别为74.62%,65.15%和65.67%;装修后3个月(6月份),甲醛浓度超标率高达90.62%,达到高峰;装修后6个月,甲醛浓度超标率为71.21%,仍处于很高水平。室内空气甲醛浓度与温度具有正相关性(r=0.299,P0.01),与气压具有负相关性(r=-0.289,P0.05),与湿度未见相关性。装修后15d,苯浓度超标率为17.91%;装修后1个月,苯浓度超标率为3.03%;装修后2个月苯浓度超标率下降至1.49%;在装修后4个月苯浓度超标率又有所上升,这与有些住户增添新家具有关;装修后5个月、6个月苯浓度超标率又逐渐降低。装修后居室空气污染可引起疲劳、头晕头痛、恶心、眼部刺激、鼻部刺激、喉咙干燥、咳嗽咯痰、皮肤干燥、皮肤瘙痒、皮肤红肿、胸闷气短。与甲醛浓度达标组比较,超标组上述不良反应阳性率较高且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论装修后6个月内,居室空气中甲醛浓度下降缓慢,不宜入住。装修后室内空气污染与居民不适症状的发生有一定关联。
[Abstract]:Objective through continuous monitoring for 6 months, the new decoration of indoor air pollutants in indoor air, formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, radon dynamic variation and the impact on the health of different orientation methods of the city, 4 districts were randomly selected in line with the conditions of the 67 households in the decoration decoration family, 15d, 1,2,3,4,5,6 the indoor air formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, radon continuous monitoring, pollutant concentration changes of different time. And the Chinese disease prevention and environmental health and related product safety control center of the unified design of the indoor environment and the residents' Health Questionnaire "questionnaire survey of all resident members were selected. The household decoration after 15d, indoor radon all meet the national standard (radon 400Bq/m3). 2 months after the renovation, the concentration of ammonia reaches the national standard (ammonia 0.20mg/m3). After 15d, the concentration of formaldehyde in 1,2 months Exceed the standard rate were 74.62%, 65.15% and 65.67%; 3 months after decoration (June), the concentration of formaldehyde exceed the standard rate of 90.62%, reached the peak; 6 months after the renovation, the concentration of formaldehyde exceed the standard rate of 71.21%, is still at a very high level. The indoor air formaldehyde concentration and temperature had positive correlation (r=0.299, P0.01). Has a negative correlation with air pressure (r=-0.289, P0.05), no correlation with humidity. After 15d, the concentration of benzene exceed the standard rate of 17.91%; 1 months after the renovation, the benzene concentration exceed the standard rate of 3.03%; 2 months after fitting the benzene concentration exceed the standard rate dropped to 1.49%; in the 4 months after fitting the benzene concentration exceed the standard rate this has increased, and some households add new furniture; decoration 5 months after 6 months of benzene concentration and then decreased gradually. The rate exceed the standard of air pollution after indoor decoration can cause fatigue, dizziness, headache, nausea, eye irritation, nasal irritation, dry throat, cough and expectoration, dry skin, skin itching, skin Skin redness, shortness of breath. Compared with the control group the concentration of formaldehyde, exceed the standard. The positive rate of the adverse reaction is higher and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). 6 months after the conclusion in the slow decline of decoration, the formaldehyde concentration in indoor air should not be admitted. Renovation of the indoor air pollution and people's symptoms have certain association.

【作者单位】：宁夏石嘴山市卫生监督所宁夏石嘴山市卫生监督所宁夏石嘴山市卫生监督所
【基金】：国家科技部重点课题“十五”攻关项目(2001BA704B1017)
【分类号】：X51;X503.1
【正文快照】： 室内空气污染对人体健康的影响是近年来环境卫生研究的重要课题。随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,家庭装饰装修已越来越普遍,室内装饰材料品种繁多、良莠不齐,材料中含有的甲醛、苯、氨、氡等污染物不断向室内空气释放,使室内有毒有害物质的种类和浓度逐渐增加。文献报道

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