室内装修污染对人体健康的影响及实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 05:15

本文关键词： 空气污染健康调查甲醛苯微核试验遗传毒性　出处：《泸州医学院》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 目的:通过现场问卷调查的方式了解与装修材料接触密切的室内装修工人的健康状况,探讨室内空气污染物是否会对人体健康产生不良影响;根据调查结果,进一步进行室内空气污染现场检测和动物毒性实验研究。采用酚试剂分光光度法测定新装修和未装修居室内甲醛浓度以及气相色谱法测定苯的浓度,并做比较,以了解泸州市区内室内空气污染的现状。并以监测的主要污染物苯和甲醛的平均检测浓度为依据,染毒小鼠,通过小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验,研究室内主要空气染污物苯与甲醛单独及联合作用对小鼠骨髓细胞的致突变作用。方法:采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取200名泸州市市区内长期从事室内装修作业的工人,同时抽取其他工种的工人200例作对照,采用健康问卷调查两组人群患病情况,从而了解室内空气污染物是否会对人体健康产生不良影响。根据泸州市区内新装修住宅装修程度分为简单装修组及复杂装修组,以未装修居室空气作对照,采用KB-6E型空气采样器,用10ml大型气泡吸收管收集室内空气甲醛,用一次性活性炭采样管收集室内空气苯。分别用酚试剂分光光度法及溶剂解析气相色谱法分析室内甲醛及苯的浓度,把实际检测的室内甲醛及苯的平均浓度作为基础剂量染毒组来设计动物染毒剂量,经静式呼吸道途径染毒小鼠,甲醛、苯以及甲醛和苯的联合染毒都分别设3个剂量组:(基础剂量)染毒组、基础剂量10倍组、基础剂量20倍组和阴性对照组,采用静吸式染毒方法,三次/日(4小时/次,间隔1小时),连续10天;染毒结束后,应用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验研究甲醛、苯单独及联合作用对小鼠骨髓细胞的致突变作用。结果:调查显示室内装修工人在皮肤红肿、皮肤干燥、头痛、头晕、咳嗽、气喘、胸部紧迫感、恶心、呕吐、眼部异物感、眼部疼痛、怕光流泪、嗅觉异常、鼻咽部不适及咽痛等症状的阳性率明显高于对照组(P0.05);室内空气检测:无论是简单装修组还是复杂装修组甲醛及苯的浓度在装修结束的前三个月内明显超过国家室内空气质量标准,复杂装修组浓度超标率更高,室内甲醛、苯浓度有随时间延长明显下降的趋势.动物实验结果显示,染毒基础剂量的甲醛、苯单独及联合作用所引起的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率(MNCF)的升高,与对照组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。而染毒基础剂量10倍组及染毒基础剂量20倍组,无论是单独还是联合作用所引起的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率升高,与对照组比较有明显的差异(P0.05),单独作用与联合作用比较所引起的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的变化同样存在明显的差异(P0.05)。结论:室内装修材料产生的有害物质可对与其接触密切的室内装修工人的健康造成不良的影响;泸州市区内新近装修居室空气中主要污染物甲醛及苯的浓度明显超出国家规定标准,其中复杂装修组超标率更高;较高浓度的甲醛、苯单独及联合作用均有诱导小鼠骨髓细胞发生突变的作用;短期暴露于新近装修居室内苯和甲醛的平均浓度水平下未发现有诱导小鼠骨髓细胞发生突变的作用,但长期暴露是否会诱导细胞突变未明确。因此应加强装修材料的调查研究,采取有效措施降低室内污染物浓度,尽可能避免因装修污染造成对人体健康的潜在危害。
[Abstract]:Objective: through the questionnaire survey to understand the close contact with the decoration materials for interior decoration the health status of workers, to explore whether the indoor air pollutants will have adverse effects on human health; according to the survey results, further experiments were carried out to study the detection and animal toxicity of indoor air pollution site. Using phenol reagent spectrophotometric method for the determination of the new decoration and determination no benzene indoor decoration formaldehyde concentration and gas chromatography concentration, and compared to the air pollution situation of Luzhou city in the interior of understanding. And the average detection concentration of major pollutants monitoring of benzene and formaldehyde as the basis, in mice, the mice bone marrow cell micronucleus test, study the main indoor air pollution alone and combined effect of benzene and formaldehyde contamination on mouse bone marrow cell mutagenesis. Methods: using simple random sampling method from 200 urban areas in Luzhou City In the long term engaged in interior decoration workers, and other types of workers from 200 cases as control group, using the health questionnaire in two groups the prevalence, to see whether the indoor air pollutants will have adverse effects on human health. According to the urban area of Luzhou new residential decoration decoration decoration were divided into simple group and complex group decoration, to no indoor air as control, using KB-6E type air sampler, collecting pipe of indoor air formaldehyde 10ml large bubble absorption tube, collect indoor air benzene using disposable activated carbon sample. By phenol reagent spectrophotometry and solvent desorption gas analysis and the concentration of indoor formaldehyde and benzene chromatography, the average concentration of indoor formaldehyde and the actual detection of the benzene as the basis to design the dose group animal exposure dose, the static type of respiratory tract in mice, exposure routes of formaldehyde, benzene, formaldehyde and benzene combination He was exposed were divided into 3 groups: dose (dose based) exposure group, basal dose 10 times, 20 times the basal dose group and negative control group, using static suction exposure method, three times / day (4 hours / times, 1 hours apart), 10 consecutive days after the end of the exposure, using the mouse; the micronucleus test on bone marrow cells of formaldehyde, benzene separate and combined effects of mouse bone marrow cell mutagenicity. Results: the survey shows that workers in the interior decoration of dry skin, skin irritation, headache, dizziness, cough, asthma, chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, eye foreign body sensation, eye pain, Paguang tears. Smell abnormalities, the positive rate of nasopharyngeal discomfort and sore throat and other symptoms were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05); indoor air testing: whether it is a simple decoration decoration group complex group or concentration of formaldehyde and benzene in the first three months of the end of the decoration in significantly more than the national indoor air quality standard, complex loading Repair group exceed the standard rate higher concentration of formaldehyde, benzene, concentration decreased with time prolonging. The results of animal experiments showed that formaldehyde based dose, bone marrow cell micronucleus induced by benzene separate and combined effects of rate (MNCF) increased, compared with the control group had no significant difference (P0.05). In base 10 times dosage group and experimental base 20 times dosage group, either alone or combined effect caused by the micronucleus rate in mouse bone marrow cells increased significantly compared with control group (P0.05), alone and the combined effect of comparison caused by the micronucleus rate of mouse bone marrow cells changes also have obvious difference (P0.05). Conclusion: the harmful substances in indoor decoration materials can have adverse effects on the close contact with the interior decoration of the health of workers in the city of Luzhou; newly renovated main pollutants in indoor air formaldehyde and The benzene concentration significantly exceeded the national standard, which exceed the standard rate of more complex decoration group; high concentration of formaldehyde, the bone marrow cells of mice with mutations induced by benzene and combined effects of both; short term exposure to the average concentration level of newly decorated rooms in benzene and formaldehyde were found under the induction of bone marrow cells in mice with mutations. But, long-term exposure will induce cell mutation is not clear. So we should strengthen the research of decoration materials, and take effective measures to reduce the indoor pollutant concentration, as far as possible to avoid decoration pollution and cause potential harm to human health.

【学位授予单位】：泸州医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R114

【引证文献】