油菜秸秆装饰材料的制备及特性研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 11:44

本文关键词： 油菜秸秆聚氯乙烯木塑材料装饰材料复合材料　出处：《华中农业大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 近年来，随着人民生活水平的提高，工程建筑、装饰装修蓬勃发展，同时对建筑材料提出了适用经济、美观环保的要求。传统木材尽管社会需求量仍然很大，但是由于森林资源的日益匾乏，以及木材自身存在的缺点，使用上受到很大的限制。而利用油菜秸秆等植物秸秆类生物质原料代替木材与塑料复合制备新型生物质塑料复合装饰材料，可充分利用废弃生物质资源，避免焚烧时所造成的环境污染，近年来越来越受到人们的重视。本实验研究证明：将油菜秸秆粉进行一定的物理、化学改性处理之后，可以明显改善油菜秸秆粉和塑料的相容性，提高复合材料的力学性能和加工性能，可为湖北省油菜作物的综合利用，提高油菜产后附加值、增加农民收入，提供一条可靠的途径。本课题在综述木材-塑料复合材料(WPC)国内外研究现状及发展趋势的基础上，提出研究开发油菜秸秆-PVC复合装饰材料，并针对油菜秸秆-PVC复合装饰材料中存在的问题，提出了用碱化氨化法和偶联剂法联合改善油菜秸秆粉与PVC相容性的新思路：以油菜秸秆粉为主要原料，采用碱化氨化法对油菜秸秆纤维预处理后再用偶联剂进行疏水化改性，辅以增塑、交联、增强反应，通过模压或挤出工艺制备油菜秸秆装饰材料。本研究的主要内容和结论如下： 1．油菜秸秆的热分解分为4个阶段：第一个阶段从50℃到100℃是物料中的游离水分蒸发阶段；第二个阶段是从100℃到230℃，油菜秸秆发生缓慢解聚；第三个阶段是从230℃到710℃，是纤维素和半纤维素还有木质素的热分解阶段；最后一个阶段是从710℃到900℃，为剩余木质素的热分解和碳化阶段。在热解的主要温度区间230～380℃，不同加热速率下其活化能分别为44.5KJ／mol、53.7 KJ／mol、57.5KJ／mol。 2．在105℃下干燥2h可有效去除油菜秸秆水分，其失重率控制在0.5％以内。干燥后油菜秸秆粉的回吸试验表明：80目油菜秸秆粉的回潮率最大，48h后可达19.96％，因此油菜秸秆粉干燥后1小时内需装入防水塑料袋中封存，以防止回潮现象发生。 3．油菜秸秆粉在200℃高温下加热时间超过5min之后，色度增加值(DE)才会出现大幅上升，因此在正常的加工条件下其色度变化完全可以满足产品的要求 4．经过碱化氨化法联合处理油菜秸秆粉之后，可以大幅降低其结晶度，最佳处理时间为24h。 5．双氨基硅烷对油菜秸秆粉的疏水化改性效果最好，并采用正交实验得出最佳改性条件为双氨基硅烷用量为油菜秸秆粉重量的2.5％，改性时间2h，改性温度100℃，搅拌速度850r／min。 6．确定了油菜秸秆粉的最佳粒径为80目；在装饰材料中间的最佳填充量为80份；并确定了增塑剂DOP的最佳用量为7.5份；最佳增韧剂为ACR-401，其最佳用量为12份；填充剂稻谷壳与油菜秸秆粉的最佳用量比为2：3，最佳脱模剂为由液体石蜡和硬脂酸按1：1组成的复合脱模剂，用量为2份，交联剂DCP的最佳用量为1.8份。 7．双螺杆挤出机对植物性纤维在PVC基体的分散和塑化作用强于单螺杆挤出机，在植物纤维填充量一定的条件下，新料PVC制成产品的性能高于回收料PVC制成产品的性能 8．采用三因素二次正交旋转组合试验得出机头温度、主机转速和熔体压力对油菜秆薄板的力学性能影响的三元二次回归方程为：Y=-1447.1923+17.8519Z_1-9.3677Z_2+33.6714Z_3+0.1788Z_1Z_2-0.0609Z_1~2-0.67222Z_2~2-4.8102Z_3~2，，确定了各因素的最优试验水平为：机头温度169.55℃，主机转速15.58rpm，熔体压力3.5 MPa。在这最佳工艺条件下，最佳产品的力学性能和卫生指标分别为：弯曲强度27.3MPa，弯曲弹性模量1747MPa，抗曲实验19mm。达到部颁标准BB／T0020-2001(参考木塑托盘技术要求)，表面耐香烟灼烧性符合GB／T15102-94标准要求，无黄斑、黑斑、裂纹、鼓泡，甲醛含量为0mg／100g。 9．油菜秆薄板在25℃水中48h后吸水率仅为4.98％，当空气的相对湿度在60到100范围以内，油菜秆薄板样品的最大吸潮率为4.75％，适应环境较好，不易吸潮以上的基础研究为农业废弃资源的综合利用以及农业产业化开辟了一条崭新的途径，为解决“三农”问题提供了一定的理论依据和实际参考。因此，本研究项目具有显著的经济、社会和环保三重效益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, building decoration engineering, development, and application of economic building materials is proposed, appearance and environmental protection requirements. The traditional wood although the social demand is still great, but due to the increasing scarcity of forest resources, as well as the shortcomings of wood, the use is very limited. The rape straw plant strawinstead of wood plastic composite and preparation of new biomass plastic composite decorative material, can make full use of waste biomass resources, avoid the environmental pollution caused by burning, in recent years more and more attention. This study shows that the rape straw was a physical, after the chemical modification can improve the compatibility of rape straw powder and plastic, improve the mechanical properties and processing properties of the composites, for Hubei The comprehensive utilization of rape crops in the province, increase the added value after rape and increase the income of farmers, provide a reliable way.
This topic in the review of wood plastic composite (WPC) based on the present situation and development trend of research at home and abroad, put forward the research and development of rape straw -PVC composite decorative materials, and the existence of rape straw -PVC composite decoration materials problems, and put forward new ideas with coupling agent and alkaline ammoniation method combined with improved rapestraw compatibility with PVC: the rape straw powder as the main raw materials of rape straw fiber pretreated by coupling agent hydrophobic modified by alkaline ammoniation method, with plasticizer, crosslinking, enhanced reaction by molding or extrusion process for preparation of rape straw decorative materials.
The main contents and conclusions of this study are as follows:
1. rape straw thermal decomposition is divided into 4 stages: the first stage is from 50 to 100 DEG C. free water evaporation stage in the materials; the second stage is from 100 DEG to 230 DEG C, rape straw slowly depolymerization; the third stage is from 230 DEG to 710 DEG C, cellulose and hemicellulose thermal and lignin decomposition stage; the last stage is from 710 C to 900 C for the decomposition of residual lignin and carbonization heat stage. In the main pyrolysis temperature range of 230~380 DEG C, the activation energy under different heating rates were 53.7 44.5KJ / mol, KJ / mol, 57.5KJ / mol.
2. at 105 deg.c 2H can effectively remove the rape straw moisture, the weight loss rate was less than 0.5%. After drying the rape straw suction test showed that 80 orders of rape straw powder moisture regain, 48h up to 19.96%, so the rape straw dry after 1 hours of storage must be packed in waterproof plastic bag. In order to prevent the resurgence of the phenomenon.
3., when the rape stalk powder is heated at more than 200 5min, the color added value (DE) will increase significantly. Therefore, under normal processing conditions, the color change can completely meet the requirements of the product.
4. after the combined treatment of rape straw powder by alkalization ammoniation method, the crystallinity can be reduced greatly. The optimum treatment time is 24h.
5., the effect of hydrophobicity modification of rape straw flour was best by using double amino silane. The best modification condition was obtained by orthogonal experiment. The best modification conditions were the dosage of double amino silane, the weight of rape straw powder 2.5%, the modification time 2h, the modified temperature 100 degrees, and the stirring speed 850r / min..
6. determine the rape straw powder the optimum size is 80 mesh; the best filling volume of decoration materials among 80 copies; and to determine the optimal dosage of plasticizer DOP increase is 7.5; the best toughening agent for ACR-401, the best dosage is 12; rice husk and rape straw powder filler with optimum amount is 2:3, the best compound release agent release agent for liquid paraffin and stearic acid according to the composition of 1:1 dosage is 2, the best dosage of crosslinking agent DCP was 1.8 phr.
7. the twin screw extruder has stronger effect on the dispersion and plasticization of plant fiber in the PVC matrix than the single screw extruder. When the plant fiber volume is certain, the performance of the new material PVC is better than that of the recycled material PVC.
8. by three factors and two orthogonal revolving combination experiments the temperature effect, the engine speed and the melt pressure on the mechanical properties of the sheet of rape straw three yuan two times the regression equation: Y=-1447.1923+17.8519Z_1-9.3677Z_2+33.6714Z_3+0.1788Z_1Z_2-0.0609Z_1~2-0.67222Z_2~ 2-4.8102Z_3~2 test to determine the optimal level of each factor: the head temperature is 169.55 degrees centigrade, the engine speed 15.58rpm, melt pressure of 3.5 MPa. in the under the optimal conditions, the mechanical properties of the best products and health indicators were: flexural strength 27.3MPa, flexural modulus 1747MPa, bending experiment of 19mm. reached Buban standard BB / T0020-2001 (reference wood pallet technical requirements), the surface of cigarette igniting resistance with GB / T15102-94 standard, without macular, dark spots, crack, drum global formaldehyde content is 0mg / 100g..
9., the water absorption rate of Rape Stalk sheet is only 4.98% when 48h is in 25 C water. When the relative humidity of air is in the range of 60 to 100, the maximum moisture absorption rate of Rape Stalk sheet sample is 4.75%, which is suitable for environment and is not easy to absorb moisture.
To open up a new way for comprehensive utilization of the theories above waste resources for agriculture and agricultural industrialization, provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for solving the problem of "three agriculture". Therefore, this research project has significant economic, social and environmental benefits of three.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：TU564

【引证文献】