高吸附光催化自清洁装饰织物的研发

发布时间：2018-02-28 23:18

  本文关键词： 甲醛 活性炭 纳米TiO_2 吸附 降解 椰炭纤维　出处：《西安工程大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生活水平的提高和生活方式的改变，人们在室内生活的时间越来越长，室内空气质量的优劣直接影响到人们的生活和工作。人们一直认为空气污染严重的是室外。但是从现实情况看，，室内空气质量远不如室外大气环境。室内空气污染程度常比室外空气污染严重2～3倍，在某些情况下，甚至可达100多倍。特别是近年来，由挥发性有机物(VOCs)造成的室内空气污染所引发的一系列问题已引起人们广泛关注。这些VOCs主要包括甲醛、苯、低级醇和酮及卤代物等，其中大部分为致癌物质，如苯、氯乙烯等。如何消除这些挥发性有机物，减少其对人体健康带来的威胁，已经成为现在研究的热点问题。 本课题拟利用活性炭的吸附作用和纳米TiO_2的光催化作用，尝试采用两种不同的方法，开发可吸附降解室内有机污染物(主要是甲醛等）的装饰织物。虽然在吸附与降解相结合方面做的比较多的是空调过滤材料，但是作为室内装饰重要组成部分的装饰织物，如果其具有吸附、降解性能，与空调过滤材料相比，其具有与空气直接接触、接触面积大和无需耗能即能对室内气体进行净化的优点，具有更大的潜力。通过本课题的实验，探索生产该织物的最佳工艺流程，为今后该种织物的大量生产提供一定的理论依据。 本课题采用的第一种方法是利用椰炭纤维这一活性炭纤维，开发具有优良吸附性能的椰炭/棉交织装饰织物，而后利用纳米TiO_2对其进行整理，使其具有光催化性能。本课题先测试了椰炭/棉混纺纱线的性能，根据测试结果，得出结论：该纱线的强力较低，毛羽较多，不能满足剑杆织机上机的要求。根据测试结果，研究了纱线的上浆工艺，对纱线进行了上浆，经测试，上浆后的纱线满足上机的要求。于是在剑杆织机上开发了九种不同的椰炭/棉交织装饰织物，经测试，织物对甲醛具有良好的吸附性能，且缎纹织物的吸附性能最好。选用缎纹织物为基布，对其进行纳米TiO_2整理，然后研究其对甲醛的吸附、降解性能。结果表明：当椰炭纤维含量为45%、分散液浓度为85g/L、焙烘温度为180℃时的实验效果最好，此时织物对甲醛的吸附降解率可达到98.70%。 但是椰炭纤维是一种新型纤维，在装饰织物方面应用的较少，目前市场上的装饰织物都是传统织物，针对这一情况，本课题采用第二种方法开发高吸附光催化自清洁装饰织物。第二种方法是选用与椰炭/棉交织物相同规格的纯棉织物为基布，采用纳米TiO_2和活性炭对其进行整理，然后研究其对甲醛的吸附、降解性能。结果表明：当分散液浓度为75g/L、活性炭含量为36%、焙烘温度为178℃时实验效果最好，此时织物对甲醛的吸附降解率可达到98.20%。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of living standard and the change of life style, people spend more and more time indoors. Indoor air quality has a direct impact on people's lives and work. People always think that air pollution is serious outdoor. But from the reality, Indoor air quality is far worse than outdoor atmospheric environment. Indoor air pollution is often 2 times worse than outdoor air pollution, and in some cases it can even reach more than 100 times. In particular, in recent years, A series of problems caused by indoor air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have aroused widespread concern. These VOCs mainly include formaldehyde, benzene, lower alcohols, ketones and halogenates, most of which are carcinogens, such as benzene. How to eliminate these volatile organic compounds and reduce the threat to human health has become a hot issue. In this paper, the adsorption of activated carbon and photocatalysis of nanometer TiO_2 are used to try to use two different methods. Development of decorative fabrics that can adsorb and degrade indoor organic pollutants (mainly formaldehyde and so on). Although the combination of adsorption and degradation is mostly done in air conditioning filtration materials, as an important part of interior decoration, decorative fabrics, If it has the properties of adsorption and degradation, it has the advantages of direct contact with air, large contact area and the ability to purify indoor gas without consuming energy, compared with the filter material of air conditioning. In order to provide theoretical basis for mass production of this kind of fabric in the future, the best technological process of producing the fabric is explored. The first method used in this paper is to develop coconut carbon / cotton interwoven decorative fabric with excellent adsorption performance by using coconut charcoal fiber as active carbon fiber, and then finishing it with nanometer TiO_2. First, the performance of coconut charcoal / cotton blended yarn was tested. According to the test results, it was concluded that the yarn had lower strength and more hairiness, which could not meet the requirements of rapier loom. The sizing process of yarns was studied, and the sizing of yarns was carried out. It was found that the sizing yarns met the requirements of the machines. Nine kinds of coconut charcoal / cotton interwoven decorative fabrics were developed on the rapier looms and tested. Fabric has good adsorption performance to formaldehyde, and satin fabric has the best adsorption property. Select satin fabric as substrate, carry on nanometer TiO_2 finishing to it, then study its adsorption to formaldehyde, The results showed that when the content of coconut carbon fiber was 45g / L, the concentration of dispersion was 85g / L, and the baking temperature was 180 鈩

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