典型交通微环境空气中15种邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及健康风险

发布时间：2018-03-10 20:00

本文选题：交通微环境　切入点：邻苯二甲酸酯　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国公安部交通管理局的统计数据显示,近年来我国机动车的保有量迅猛增长,机动车使用率持续增高。加之城市范围增大,交通拥挤的现象越来越严重,导致驾乘人员停留在交通微环境中的时间越来越长。交通微环境空气中污染物,特别是新型的半挥发性有机污染物(如邻苯二甲酸酯PAEs)的污染、健康危害及其控制也受到了越来越多的关注。本文扩展介绍了15种邻苯二甲酸酯的性质、使用、毒性；综述了国内外室内空气中邻苯二甲酸酯的最新污染研究进展；归纳了限制PAEs含量的相关法律法规；概括了微环境空气中PAEs的暴露健康风险。通过对常用的有毒PAEs的调查,丰富了PAEs污染物研究的种类；在前人的基础上优化了色谱条件。优化的色谱条件与之前分析时间相差不多,且具有响应度高、能同时区分15种样品、各样品峰之间区分度高、出峰稳定的特点。方法检测限范围为19.32-41.29ng/m3,满足室内外环境空气样品的定量分析条件。确定了交通微环境空气中PAEs的分析方法。本文研究了6种不同出行方式所处的交通微环境空气中15种PAEs的浓度水平和特征。研究结果发现∑PAEs浓度呈现出私家车公交车出租车地铁电瓶车步行出行的趋势,其处所微环境空气中PAEs的浓度分别为63505、50405、46057、43727、3113.8、1438.5 ng/m3。公交出行时∑PAEs浓度呈现出电动公交车空调公交车普通公交车校区巴士,郊区城区旅游区,高峰期非高峰期的趋势；地铁和出租出行时∑PAEs浓度呈现均出高峰期非高峰期的趋势；步行出行时∑PAEs浓度呈现均出入行道人行小道的趋势。最后以毒性最大的DEHP为代表,分析了不同人群在交通微环境中PAEs的呼吸暴露量,评估了其对不同年龄段、不同性别的乘客和司机产生的致癌风险,并提出了合理出行建议。分析结果显示不论采取何种出行方式,交通微环境空气中的DEHP对2-3岁男孩乘客的致癌风险最高；对于地铁、公交和出租车司机,致癌风险最高的是年龄段为18-21岁的男司机。出行方式上,步行的健康风险最小,路程较短时,建议步行；若采用机动车辆,当路程小于12.23 km时,乘坐地铁风险较小；当路程大于12.23 km时,乘坐出租车风险较小。交通微环境中气态与颗粒态PAEs比约为1,居室中气态与颗粒态AEs浓度比约为1.6,可见交通微环境空气中颗粒态PAEs所占比例更大。6种∑PAEs浓度呈现出私家车公交车出租车地铁新装修家庭的趋势,各机动车车厢空气中6种∑PAEs浓度与新装修家庭比值分别为2.5、2.0、1.9、1.8,可见交通微环境空气中PAEs的污染更为严重,更加需要引起人们的关注和重视。本文首次系统地研究了交通微环境空气中PAEs的浓度水平、污染特征及健康风险,完善了室内空气中PAEs污染的特征数据库,为了解我国交通微环境空气中PAEs的污染现状、规定我国交通微环境空气中PAEs的浓度限值、制定我国交通微环境空气中PAEs的质量标准提供科学依据和理论支持。
[Abstract]:Statistics of China's Ministry of Public Security Traffic Management Bureau show that in recent years China's rapid growth in vehicle ownership, vehicle usage rate increased continuously. The city expanded, traffic congestion is becoming more and more serious, leading to the occupants in traffic micro environment in time. More and more traffic micro environment of air pollutants in particular, semi volatile organic pollutants in the model (such as phthalate two formic acid ester PAEs) pollution, health hazards and control has attracted more and more attention. This paper introduces the properties of 15 kinds of expansion, adjacent benzene two formic ester, toxicity; reviewed the latest pollution phthalate two formic acid ester in China outside in the indoor air; summarizes the relevant laws and regulations limit the content of PAEs; summarizes the micro PAEs in ambient air exposure to health risks. Through the investigation of the toxic PAEs commonly used, rich PAEs pollutants Study on the species; on the basis of previous optimization of the chromatographic conditions. The optimum chromatographic conditions and before the analysis time is not much difference, and has high sensitivity, can also distinguish between 15 kinds of samples, the samples peak high differentiation characteristic peak stability. The detection limit is in the range of 19.32-41.29ng/m3, meet the quantitative environmental air sample analysis of indoor and outdoor conditions. The analysis method of traffic micro PAEs in ambient air. The levels and characteristics of 15 kinds of PAEs were studied on 6 different travel modes of the traffic environment in the air. Results showed that total PAEs concentration showed a private car bus taxi subway car battery pedestrian travel trend. The concentration of the premises of micro PAEs in ambient air were 635055040546057437273113.81438.5 ng/m3. bus travel when the total PAEs concentration showed the electric bus air conditioning bus common bus The car campus bus, the suburb tourist area, the peak of the trend of non peak travel; subway and taxi total PAEs concentration presented a peak off peak trend; pedestrian travel when total PAEs concentration presented a * * * pedestrian trend. Finally to trail the most toxic DEHP, analysis of different groups in micro traffic in the environment of PAEs respiratory exposure, the evaluation of different ages, different gender of the carcinogenic risk of passengers and drivers have, and put forward reasonable suggestions. Travel analysis showed that no matter what the way to travel, traffic micro environment in the air DEHP of 2-3 year old boy passengers for the subway, the highest risk of cancer; bus and taxi drivers, the carcinogenic risk is the highest age is 18-21 year old driver. On the way to travel on foot, the minimum health risk, shorter distance, the proposed walk if using machine; A moving vehicle, when the distance is less than 12.23 km, take the subway to lower risk; when the distance is greater than 12.23 km, the taxi ride less risk. Traffic micro environment in gaseous and particulate PAEs was about 1, the room gas and particulate AEs concentration was about 1.6, the visible particles in the air traffic micro environment for PAEs a greater proportion of.6 total PAEs concentration showed a new private car bus taxi subway home decoration trend, the carriage of motor vehicles in the air of 6 Sigma PAEs concentration and the ratio of the newly renovated home were 2.5,2.0,1.9,1.8, traffic pollution visible micro PAEs in air pollution is more serious, more and more attention for the first time. Systematic study of the concentration of PAEs in air traffic micro environment, pollution characteristics and health risk, improve the feature database of PAEs pollution in indoor air, in order to understand the micro environment of air transport in China The pollution status of PAEs in China, stipulates the concentration limit of PAEs in the air of traffic microenvironment in China, and provides scientific basis and theoretical support for formulating the quality standard of PAEs in air traffic micro environment in China.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X73;X51

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