平遥古建筑大木构件装饰研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 13:46

本文选题：平遥古建筑　切入点：大木构件　出处：《重庆大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 平遥是我国的历史文化名城,平遥的“一城两寺”是著名的世界文化遗产。平遥古建筑跨越千年,涵盖众多建筑类型,不仅数量众多,而且具有很高的文化价值。其中国家重点文物保护单位就有五处,省级、县级文物保护单位更是遍布乡邑。建于北汉天会七年(公元963年)镇国寺万佛殿具有显著的唐代风格,被梁思成先生誉为“五代木构建筑的罕贵的孤例”。建于金大定三年(公元1163年)的文庙大成殿是我国现存最早的大成殿,具有宋代建筑的秀美风韵,其结构中以大斜梁替代补间铺作的独特形式可谓是后代木构简约做法的先声。元代建筑清虚观龙虎殿的“悬梁吊柱”做法是这一时期木构“简约粗放”特色的鲜明例证,具有极高的研究价值。双林寺现存建筑大多建于明代,体现出明代木构中于规矩的秩序化特征。而城隍庙献殿和武庙乐楼则充分体现出清代建筑的繁华与绚烂。 “结构与装饰的统一体”是我国古代建筑的重要特征之一。大木构件作为最主要的结构组成部分,同时又被赋予了装饰的意味,成为建筑装饰的重要载体。大木构件装饰或明白于表面或蕴含于其中,风格迥异,多姿多彩,主要可分为以下几个方面:第一,大木构件自身斫削、雕刻所具有的装饰性;第二,大木构件组合方式具有的装饰效果;第三,大木构件表面彩画装饰等。本文以平遥古建筑为切入点,以大木构件为对象,分析探讨其装饰性的课题,并且着力探寻这种“结构性装饰”的深刻价值。在详细调查的基础上,本文分四步对平遥古建筑大木构件装饰进行逐层深入的研究。首先从感知的角度初步分析大木构件装饰对于建筑空间氛围营造所起到的作用,进而从客观的角度对各主要古建筑大木构件装饰状况进行详尽分析。在这两部分认识的基础上,从时代性和地域性两方面对研究对象进行深入探讨,一方面展示其清晰的历代演变过程,一方面突出其所具有的“淳厚古风”这一鲜明地方特色。通过递进式的拓展研究,有助于揭示平遥古建筑大木构件装饰的完整面貌,从而有效地发掘和继承“结构性装饰”这一中国建筑的特有成就。
[Abstract]:Pingyao is a famous historical and cultural city in our country. Pingyao's "one city and two temples" is a famous world cultural heritage. And it has very high cultural value. Among them, there are five state key cultural relics protection units, provincial and county cultural relics protection units are all over the township cities. Built in the Northern Han Dynasty seven years of Tianhui (963 AD), the temple of ten thousand Buddhas of the town state temple has a remarkable Tang Dynasty style. Mr. Liang Sicheng called it "a rare and rare example of wood architecture in the five dynasties." the Dacheng Temple, built in three years (1163) in Jin Dading, is the earliest extant Dacheng Hall in China, with the beautiful charm of the Song Dynasty architecture. In its structure, the unique form of replacing the patch with large oblique beams can be said to be the forerunner of the simplicity of the wood structure of future generations. The "hanging column with suspension beam" in the Qing Dynasty architecture of the Yuan Dynasty is a clear example of the "simplicity and extensive" characteristics of the wood structure in this period. The existing buildings of Shuanglin Temple are mostly built in the Ming Dynasty, reflecting the orderly characteristics of the wood structure in the Ming Dynasty, while the City God's Temple Temple and the Wu Temple Music Building fully reflect the prosperity and splendor of the Qing Dynasty architecture. "the unity of structure and decoration" is one of the important characteristics of ancient architecture in China. Become the important carrier of architectural decoration. Large wood component decoration or understand in the surface or contained in it, the style is very different, colorful, mainly can be divided into the following aspects: first, the wood members themselves, carved decorative; Second, the decorative effect of the combination of large wood components; third, the decorative surface of large wood components, etc. This paper takes Pingyao ancient architecture as the breakthrough point, taking the large wood members as the object, analyzes and discusses its decorative subject. And strive to explore this kind of "structural decoration" of the profound value. On the basis of detailed investigation, this paper studies the decoration of large wood components in Pingyao ancient architecture in four steps. Firstly, it analyzes the effect of large wood component decoration on building space atmosphere from the perspective of perception. On the basis of the understanding of the two parts, the paper makes a thorough discussion on the objects of study from the aspects of the times and the region, and then analyzes the decoration condition of the main ancient buildings' large wooden components from the objective point of view, and on the basis of the understanding of the two parts, the paper makes a thorough discussion on the research object. On the one hand, it shows the clear evolution of the past dynasties, on the other hand, it highlights the distinct local characteristics of its "pure and thick ancient style". Through the progressive development research, it is helpful to reveal the complete appearance of the decoration of large wooden components in Pingyao ancient architecture. In order to effectively explore and inherit the "structural decoration", a unique achievement of Chinese architecture.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：TU-87

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