装饰装修材料对室内空气甲醛污染的研究与控制

发布时间：2018-03-20 00:18

本文选题：装饰装修材料　切入点：甲醛　出处：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文旨在对装饰装修材料所致室内空气的甲醛污染以及室内空气甲醛主要污染源人造木板的甲醛释放进行了实验和研究。 (1)用酚试剂分光光度法对毛坯房和精装房室内空气中甲醛的进行检测,结合室内装修状况进行分析,得出结论如下： ①毛坯房室内所使用的建筑材料不是造成室内空气甲醛污染的污染源； ②室内甲醛污染与室内装饰装修程度有关,装修程度越复杂甲醛浓度越高,通常室内甲醛浓度精装房简装房毛坯房； ③装修完工时间越长室内甲醛浓度越低,通常情况下装修完工后3个月以内室内空气中甲醛合格率较低； ④室内甲醛污染与装修密度有关,装饰装修材料在室内单位空间体积内使用量越大甲醛浓度越高,即使室内所用的装饰装修材料以及家具等产品的甲醛释放量符合相应标准,也会由于材料使用密度过大造成室内空气甲醛的污染； ⑤室内甲醛污染与装饰装修材料的选择有关,如地面铺设各类木地板的房间高于铺设瓷砖的房间,墙面粘贴壁纸的房间高于墙面粉刷乳胶漆的房间； ⑥地面铺设的各类木地板、各种板材制成的木质家具等人造板材制品对室内空气中的甲醛贡献最大,是室内甲醛污染的主要污染源,控制好室内人造板材及其制品这一污染源,将会有效降低室内空气中的甲醛浓度; ⑦室内空气中甲醛浓度与室内温度有关,室内温度越高,装饰装修材料中的甲醛释放速率就越快,室内空气中甲醛浓度也就越大。 (2)用干燥器法对人造木板的甲醛释放量进行检测和分析,得出结论如下： ①人造木板的甲醛释放量随温度升高而增大,25℃以上增大尤为显著,由此可以推断,室温越高室内空气中甲醛浓度越高,这与人造木板甲醛释放量随温度升高而增大有关。 ②人造木板放置时间越长甲醛释放量越小,但减小到一定程度后甲醛释放量达到平衡,板材将以稳定的状态向周围环境释放甲醛,在室温条件下长时间晾置,板材甲醛释放量很难继续减小。 ③经过热处理后的人造木板甲醛释放量减小,热处理温度越高,热处理后的板材甲醛释放量越小,如果热处理温度过高时板材会发生了变形、开裂等现象,影响了板材其它性能指标,另外从节能低耗的角度考虑,且不影响板材其它性能指标,保守建议热处理温度在40℃～60℃之间。 ④人造木板表面经过密封处理后甲醛释放量减小显著,这一方法尤其适用于处理甲醛释放量较高的板材,经表面密封处理的板材能够达到E1级水平,可直接用于室内。 (3)对控制装饰装修材料导致室内加醛污染的实际指导意义： ①装饰装修过程中对材料进行正确选择和科学合理的使用,尽量选择甲醛释放量小的材料。例如,地面装修材料瓷砖和纯实木地板优于复合木地板和地毯；墙面装修材料,水性内墙乳胶漆优于壁纸和木质吸声板,木质吸声板刻用无机材料为主的矿棉吸声板代替。 ②人造木板在加工使用前科进行40℃～60℃热处理，，使板材中的甲醛快速释放,达到平衡稳定的较低程度。 ③对人造木板制成的产平，要做好表面的的密封处理。如家具里外两面的板材、板材暴露的界面和端面、人造木地板的接口处也要做好密封处理。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the formaldehyde pollution of indoor air caused by decoration materials, and the formaldehyde emission from artificial wood boards, which is the main source of indoor air formaldehyde.
(1) the phenol reagent spectrophotometry was used to detect the formaldehyde in the indoor air of the billet room and the hardcover room, and the indoor decoration condition was analyzed. The conclusions were as follows:
(1) the building materials used in the room are not the source of pollution of indoor air formaldehyde pollution;
The indoor formaldehyde pollution and indoor decoration decoration degree, the more complex the formaldehyde concentration is high, usually the indoor formaldehyde concentration hardcover paperback room blank room;
(3) the longer the completion time of the decoration is, the lower the formaldehyde concentration in indoor, the formaldehyde qualified rate in indoor air is lower within 3 months after the completion of the decoration.
The indoor formaldehyde pollution and decoration related to the density of decoration materials in the indoor unit space volume using the greater the amount of formaldehyde concentration is high, even if the formaldehyde for indoor decoration materials and furniture products emissions meet the corresponding standards, also due to the use of materials density is too large to cause indoor air formaldehyde pollution;
(5) indoor formaldehyde pollution is related to the selection of decoration materials, such as laying all kinds of wooden floors on the ground is higher than that for laying ceramic tiles, and the walls with wallpaper pasted on wallpaper are higher than those with walls painted with latex paint.
All kinds of wooden floor and laying on the ground, all kinds of plates made of wooden furniture and other man-made sheet products for maximum contribution of formaldehyde in indoor air, is the main source of indoor formaldehyde pollution, control of indoor formaldehyde and its products, the sources of pollution, will effectively reduce the formaldehyde concentration in indoor air;
The concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air and indoor temperature, indoor temperature is high, decoration materials formaldehyde release rate is faster, the concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air is also bigger.
(2) the amount of formaldehyde released from artificial wood board was detected and analyzed by the dryer method, and the conclusion was as follows:
(1) the formaldehyde emission of artificial wood boards increased with the increase of temperature, especially above 25 degree. It can be concluded that the higher the indoor temperature, the higher the formaldehyde concentration in indoor air is, which is related to the increase of formaldehyde emission from wood panels with the increase of temperature.
2. The longer the laying time of artificial boards, the smaller the amount of formaldehyde released. However, when the time is reduced to a certain extent, the formaldehyde emission will reach a balance. The plate will release formaldehyde to the surrounding environment in a stable state, and the formaldehyde emission from plate will not continue to decrease at room temperature for a long time.
The after heat treatment of artificial wood formaldehyde emissions decreased, the higher the temperature after heat treatment, formaldehyde release quantity is small, if the heat treatment temperature is too high will plate deformation, cracking phenomenon, affect the other plate performance index, also from the view of energy saving and low consumption, and no influence board other performance indicators, proposed conservative heat treatment temperature between 40 to 60 degrees centigrade.
4. The formaldehyde emission on the surface of wood-based panels is reduced significantly after sealing treatment. This method is especially suitable for the treatment of plates with high formaldehyde emission. The surface treated boards can reach E1 level and can be directly applied indoors.
(3) the practical guiding significance of controlling decoration and decorating materials to indoor aldehyde pollution:
The correct choice of the scientific and rational use of materials in the decoration process, try to choose a small amount of formaldehyde release materials. For example, ground decoration materials tile and pure solid wood flooring is better than composite wood floors and carpets; wall decoration materials, water-based latex paint for interior wall is better than that of wall paper and wooden sound-absorbing board, wooden sound-absorbing board mineral wool acoustic board is mainly made of inorganic materials instead.
(2) the artificial wood board is heat treated at 40 to 60 C in the process of processing and use, so as to release the formaldehyde in the plate quickly and achieve a lower degree of balance and stability.
3. For the production of artificial wood boards, we must do well in the surface sealing treatment. For example, the inside and outside surfaces of furniture, the exposed interfaces and ends of boards, and the interface of man-made wood flooring should also be well sealed.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X799.1;X512

【参考文献】