铝木复合装饰板的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 08:23

本文选题：复合材料　切入点：酚醛树脂　出处：《中国林业科学研究院》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：铝木复合装饰板是一种新型的复合材料，作为高档装饰板在我国起步较晚。铝箔贴面人造板具有优良的装饰性、防水防潮、耐磨抗龟裂、隔热阻燃等性能，广泛应用于建筑装饰装修、家具装饰装修和车辆装饰装修的高档装饰材料。由于木材和铝材是两种表面极性不同的材料，因此，铝木复合制备装饰板需要使用价格较贵、经过改性的特殊胶黏剂，且粘接材料表面处理和热压复合工艺复杂。因此，本文通过酚醛树脂改性，筛选价格低廉、性能优良的改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂，优化改性酚醛树脂（PF）胶黏剂热压制备铝木复合装饰人造板制备工，探讨铝木复合机理研究。本文详细研究了不同改性酚醛树脂热压制备复合材料的性能，确定了聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液（PVAc）改性酚醛树脂方法；采用正交试验设计和单因素试验设计，系统研究了铝木复合热压工艺和参数，以及酚醛树脂与聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液不同混合比例及添加偶联剂对复合装饰板性能的影响；通过利用接触角测定仪、傅里叶红外变换光谱（FT-IR）和反射光谱（RA-IR）、扫面电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等仪器，对铝箔表面临界自由能、材料表面与界面形貌特征、铝木复合配位键等进行测试和分析，探讨了铝木复合材料材料界面性能和铝木复合机理，为铝/木复合材料的制备和创新性应用提供理论基础，推动铝/木复合材料在室内装饰装修和家具中的应用，促进木材工业的技术进步，为产业结构调整提供技术支撑。具体研究结果如下：（1）聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液等热塑性树脂改性酚醛树脂为胶黏剂热压制备铝木复合装饰板。性能测试表明：聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂制备的铝箔贴面纤维板，表面胶合强度最高，为1.36MPa，具有良好的浸渍剥离性能，选定聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液改性酚醛树脂作为热压制备铝木复合装饰板胶黏剂。（2）采用正交实验设计对聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液改性酚醛树脂制备铝木复合材料热压工艺进行研究，探讨热压温度、热压时间、热压压力和施胶量等热压因素对复合材料物理力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：热压温度对产品的各项性能指标影响极显著，热压工艺因素主次顺序为热压温度热压时间热压压力施胶量。极差分析结果表明，优化热压工艺为：热压温度140℃，热压时间9min，热压压力0.6MPa，施胶量200g/m2。（3）采用酚醛树脂与聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液不同混合比例配置的胶黏剂，热压制备的铝箔贴面人造板表面胶合强度都超过1.0MPa。酚醛树脂与聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液不同混合比对以杨木单板为基材的铝箔贴面人造板的表面胶合强度影响极显著，对以中密度纤维板为基材的铝箔贴面人造板表面胶合强度影响不显著；以杨木单板为基材的酚醛树脂与聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液最佳混合比为2：1，以中密度纤维板为基材的酚醛树脂与聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液最佳混合比为1：1。偶联剂添加到酚醛树脂中提高了复合装饰板的表面胶合强度和浸渍剥离性能。（4）铝木复合装饰板与中密度纤维板相比，无法形成燃烧。热释放速率峰值（pkHRR）、平均热释放速率（Avg-HRR）、有效燃烧热（EHC）和热释放总量（THR）分别下降了97.3%、98.3%、90.6%和96.6%，但总释烟量（TSR）和残重率（Mass）却增加716%和331.9%。铝木复合装饰板CO、CO_2的质量分数都很低，有效的降低了有害气体的释放。（5）铝箔表面经打磨、打磨加水洗处理后，表面临界自由能提高了2倍和4倍，润湿性增强。SEM结果显示，改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂都能够充分润湿铝箔表面，形成连续的胶层；胶黏剂渗透到基材空隙中形成胶钉，产生机械力。（6）固化酚醛树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液、改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂红外吸收光谱中，存在较强的羟基吸收峰，在铝箔表面固化的酚醛树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液、改性酚醛树脂红外反射吸收光谱中，羟基吸收峰检测不到，表明树脂中的羟基与铝表面形成化学结合；聚乙酸乙烯乳液、改性酚醛树脂红外反射吸收光谱中的羰基向高峰区偏移，表明酯基中的碳氧键与铝箔表面形成配位键。（7）在铝箔表面固化的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液改性酚醛树脂XPS图谱分析表明：铝箔表面存在铝的金属态和氧化态两种形式；碳和氧的结合能向高位区移动，存在多个配位的C1s和O1s峰，表明改性酚醛树脂中的氧和铝表面形成配位键，产生化学结合，，胶合强度提高。
[Abstract]:Aluminum wood composite decorative board is a new type of composite material, as a high-end decorative plate starts late in our country. Aluminum foil veneer artificial board with decorative, excellent waterproof, wear-resistant anti cracking, thermal insulation flame retardant properties, widely used in building decoration, furniture decoration and vehicle decoration of high-grade decorative materials because wood and aluminum are two different surface polarity material, therefore, the preparation of aluminum wood composite decorative board need to use expensive, after special adhesive modification, surface treatment and adhesive materials and composites complex. Therefore, the modified phenolic resins, screening of low price, phenolic modified resin adhesive with excellent performance, optimization of modified phenolic resin adhesive (PF) was fabricated by hot pressing aluminum wood composite decorative board fabrication, study on Mechanism of aluminum composite wood.
In this paper, the different properties of the composites by hot pressing of phenolic resin was studied in detail, the polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVAc) modified phenolic resin method; orthogonal experiment design and single factor experimental design, system of aluminum wood composite hot pressing process and parameters, and phenolic resin and polyvinyl acetate emulsion mixed proportion and adding coupling agent on the properties of the composite decorative board; by using contact angle measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and reflection spectra (RA-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other instruments on aluminum foil surface critical free energy surface with the interface morphology, aluminum composite wood coordination bond test and analysis, discusses the aluminum wood composite material interface properties and mechanism of aluminum composite wood, aluminium / wood composite material preparation and innovative applications The theoretical basis is to promote the application of aluminum / wood composites in interior decoration and furniture, promote the technological progress of wood industry, and provide technical support for the adjustment of industrial structure.
(1) polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl acetate emulsion thermoplastic resin modified phenolic resin as adhesive was fabricated by hot pressing aluminum wood composite decorative board. The performance tests show that the polyvinyl acetate emulsion modified aluminum foil veneer fiber board of phenolic resin adhesive preparation, surface bonding strength is 1.36MPa, the highest. With immersion good performance, selected the polyvinyl acetate emulsion modified phenolic resin as the hot pressing preparation of aluminum wood composite decorative plate adhesive.
(2) by using the orthogonal experimental design of polyvinyl acetate emulsion modified phenolic resin prepared by hot pressing aluminum wood composite materials technology research of hot pressing temperature, hot pressing time, hot pressing pressure and sizing of hot pressing factors on the physical and mechanical properties of composite materials. The results showed that the effect of hot pressing temperature on the performance of index of the product is very significant, hot pressing factors for hot pressing time hot pressing temperature pressure sizing. The analysis results showed that the optimum hot pressing for the hot pressing temperature is 140 degrees centigrade, hot pressing time 9min, pressure 0.6MPa, size 200g/m2.
(3) using adhesive phenolic resin and polyvinyl acetate emulsion with different mixing ratio configuration, significant effect of 1.0MPa. phenolic resin and polyvinyl acetate emulsion surface bonding strength of different mixing ratio on poplar veneer as substrate made of aluminum foil foil stickers dough plate facing artificial plate surface bonding strength of hot pressing preparation are more than for, from MDF for aluminum foil veneer glued board surface strength effect of substrate is not significant; with the poplar veneer as substrate with phenolic resin polyvinyl acetate emulsion the best mixing ratio is 2:1, the MDF substrate for phenolic resin and polyvinyl acetate emulsion the best mixing ratio is 1:1. the coupling agent is added to the improved phenolic resin composite decorative board surface bonding strength and peeling performance.
(4) aluminum wood composite decorative plate compared with the MDF, unable to form combustion. The peak heat release rate (pkHRR), the average heat release rate (Avg-HRR), effective heat of combustion (EHC) and total heat release (THR) were decreased by 97.3%, 98.3%, 90.6% and 96.6%, but the total smoke release amount (TSR) and residual rate (Mass) was increased by 716% and 331.9%. aluminum wood composite decorative plate CO, the mass fraction of CO_2 is very low, effectively reduce the release of harmful gases.
(5) aluminum foil surface after polishing, polishing water washing treatment, the surface of critical free energy increased by 2 times and 4 times the wettability.SEM results showed that the modified phenolic resin adhesive can be fully wetting aluminum foil surface to form a continuous layer; adhesive glue nail penetration into the substrate gap, produce mechanical power.
(6) curing phenolic resin, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, modified phenolic resin adhesive in the infrared absorption spectrum, there is a strong absorption peak of hydroxyl in phenolic resin, curing the surface of aluminum foil, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, modified phenolic resin, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, hydroxyl absorption peak was not detected, suggesting that the hydroxyl and the aluminum surface in the resin forming chemical bond; poly vinyl acetate emulsion modified phenolic resin, infrared reflection absorption spectra in the carbonyl offset to the peak area, showed that the ester group in the carbon oxygen bond and surface form coordination bonds.
(7) in curing surface of aluminum foil polyvinyl acetate emulsion modified phenolic resin XPS spectra analysis indicates that there are metal state and the oxidation state of two kinds of aluminum foil surface; combination of carbon and oxygen can move to the high area, there are a number of ligands C1s and O1s peak, showed the modified phenolic resin the oxygen and aluminum surface to form coordination bonds, chemical bonding, the bonding strength increased.

【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TS653.3

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