常用装饰木材表面特性及美感度的研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 17:40

本文选题：装饰木材 + 表面特性　；参考：《福建农林大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 木材具有大自然赋予的独特美感以及优越的材料特性,在室内环境装饰及家具制作等方面发挥举足轻重的作用。本论文借鉴心理物理学方法进行装饰木材美感度单因素分析,并构建了装饰木材美感度模型。比较分析了筒状非洲楝、古夷苏木、水曲柳、杉木4种常用装饰木材素材表面特性的差异;系统分析了微波处理前后4种常用装饰木材表面特性的差异以及4种常用装饰木材素材与微波处理材在加速老化过程中表面特性的变化规律;应用红外光谱法测定分析装饰木材微波处理和加速老化处理前后表面特性变化的机理。 4种常用装饰木材素材表面特性分析表明,在CIE(1976)L*a*b*色空间中,筒状非洲楝和古夷苏木明度L*平均值较低,这两种木材属于深材色树种,其独有的高雅华贵色调,营造出一种法式宫廷的韵味,给人予深沉、稳重、肃雅之感;杉木明度L*平均值为70.28,属于较高明度。浅色系的水曲柳和杉木作为家具和室内装饰材料让人感到明快、整洁、高雅和舒畅。从整体分布情况来看,4种常用装饰木材的a*和b*都分布在0以上的范围,明度分布在40以上的范围,色调标号都分布在YR的区间。单位时间内4种常用装饰木材表面接触角的变化率可知,古夷苏木和水曲柳的表面润湿性大于筒状非洲楝和杉木。装饰木材美感度单因素分析,结果表明:深暗色的装饰木材美感度平均值最高,无色至浅的装饰木材美感度最小;不同硬度的装饰木材美感度表现为:硬中等软,表面硬度较高的装饰木材大众喜好度最高;表面光滑的装饰木材的美感度最高,表面粗糙的装饰木材大众喜好度最低。借鉴心理物理学方法,用表面粗糙度、表面硬度、颜色、年轮宽度、年轮明显度、结构细致度、剖面和色差8个项目构建的装饰木材美感度多元数量化模型为: Z=-0.391-0.364X1-1-0.294X1-2-0.175X1-3-0.15X2-1-0.097X2-2-0.114X4-1-0.232X4-2+0.089X5-1 -0.039X5-2-0.065X6-1+0.097X6-2+0.291X8-1+0.061X8-2+0.546X10-1+0.342X10-2+0.438X11-1+0.262X11-2;通过复相关系数检验可知,筛选出的8个因子和装饰木材喜好度之间具有极显著相关性。人们对装饰木材的喜好度随着表面硬度的增大而增大,随着表面粗糙度的增大而减小;对深暗色装饰木材的喜好度高于其它三种颜色,色差略明显或结构细致的装饰木材大众喜好度较高。年轮明显且宽度中等的木材斜切面最受大众推崇。经不同强度、不同时间微波处理后,4种常见装饰木材微波处理材的明度L*、红绿轴色品指数a*和饱和度C值均有降低,其材色向低明度且低饱和度的方向变化;微波处理使深材色树种(筒状非洲楝和古夷苏木)的黄蓝轴色品指数b*值降低,浅材色装饰木材(水曲柳和杉木)的黄蓝轴色品指数b*值升高。微波强度、微波时间对材色变化均有影响。除黄蓝轴色品指数b*外,同一微波强度处理下,材色各参数值随微波处理时间的延长而降低,低强度长时间微波处理相比高强度短时间微波处理对4种常见装饰木材材色影响更显著。经不同强度、不同时间微波处理后,4种常见装饰木材表面润湿性显著降低。微波强度、微波时间对木材表面润湿性均有影响。同一微波强度处理下,木材表面润湿性随微波处理时间的延长而降低,高强度短时间微波处理相比低强度长时间微波处理对4种常见装饰木材表面润湿性的影响更显著。随着老化时间的延长,4种常见装饰木材表面明度呈现增加的趋势,红绿轴色品指数随着老化周期的增加而降低,黄蓝轴色品指数随着老化周期的增加而增加,老化处理后木材表面的颜色向偏白、偏绿和偏黄的角度变化。高强度短时间微波处理材和低强度长时间微波处理材同一老化周期后的表面材色参数变化规律无明显差异,其变化趋势基本保持一致。加速老化使得微波处理材表面的润湿性增加。同一个老化周期后,微波处理材表面动态接触角始终大于未处理材表面动态接触角。同微波强度处理下,短时间微波处理材表面动态接触角小于长时间微波处理材动态接触角;高强度短时间微波处理材和低强度长时间微波处理材同一老化周期后表面润湿性变化规律无明显差异。应用红外光谱法测定分析了4种常用装饰木材素材及经过微波和加速老化处理后木材官能团变化情况。微波处理后,木材表面羟基数目减少,高强度短时间微波处理比低强度长时间微波处理对木材表面羟基数目的减少影响更显著,这可能是由于微波改性处理使得木材表面的活性基团相互结合而丧失了相互吸引的能力,这种的结合难以破坏或者极性难以恢复,导致其表面润湿性降低;微波处理材的特征吸收峰相对强度比值均低于素材,乙酰基和纤维伯羟基的吸收减弱,此时木材可能已发生脱乙酰基、脱水和热分解现象。高强度短时间微波处理材的吸收峰相对强度比值大于低强度长时间微波处理材的吸收峰相对强度比值,这就佐证了微波改性处理使木材表面颜色发生变化,降低了微波处理材表面的润湿性,微波改性处理的强度和时间均对木材的颜色和表面润湿性有影响,高强度短时间微波处理对木材润湿性影响更显著;低强度长时间微波处理对木材颜色影响更显著的结论。各个老化周期后,微波处理材的特征吸收峰相对强度比值小于素材,低功率长时间微波改性处理材特征吸收峰相对强度比值小于高功率短时间微波改性处理材。各个老化周期中木材素材、低功率长时间微波改性处理材和高功率短时间微波改性处理材各自的特征吸收峰相对强度比值略有差别,但总体上变化趋势无明显差异。这就佐证了高强度短时间微波处理材和低强度长时间微波处理材在同等的老化条件下,表面材色参数和润湿性变化趋势无明显差异,基本保持一致的结论。
[Abstract]:Wood has the unique aesthetic feeling and superior material characteristics given by nature. It plays an important role in indoor environment decoration and furniture production. This paper uses psychophysical methods to analyze the aesthetic degree of decorative wood, and constructs a decorative wood beauty model. The paper compares and analyzes the canister neem and the ancient Yi. The differences in the surface characteristics of 4 commonly used decorative wood materials of Soviet wood, Fraxinus mandshurica and Cunninghamia lanceolata; the difference between the surface characteristics of 4 commonly used decorative wood before and after microwave treatment and the change rules of 4 kinds of common decorative wood materials and the surface properties of microwave treated wood during the accelerated aging process were analyzed. The analysis of decorative wood by infrared spectroscopy was applied. The mechanism of changes in surface properties before and after microwave treatment and accelerated aging.
The analysis of the surface characteristics of 4 kinds of common decorative wood materials shows that in the CIE (1976) L*a*b* color space, the mean value of lightness of L* in the tube like neem and the ancient planation wood is low. The two kinds of wood belong to the deep wood color tree species, and their unique elegant and expensive colors create a kind of French palace rhyme flavor, giving people deep, stable and elegant sense; the average brightness of Chinese fir is L*. The value of 70.28, belongs to high lightness. The light color shades of ash and Chinese fir as furniture and indoor decoration material make people feel bright, neat, elegant and comfortable. From the overall distribution, the a* and b* of the commonly used decorative wood are distributed over 0, the brightness distribution is in the range of 40, the tone marks are distributed in the interval of YR. The change rate of surface contact angle of 4 kinds of commonly used decorative wood showed that the surface wettability of ancient Yi Su Mu and Fraxinus mandshurica was greater than that of cylindrical Nelson and Chinese fir.
A single factor analysis of the aesthetic degree of decorative wood showed that the average aesthetic degree of dark colored decorative wood was the highest, and the ornamental wood with no color to light was the least. The aesthetic degree of decorative wood with different hardness was as follows: hard medium soft, high surface hardness of ornamental wood with the highest degree of happiness, and the most aesthetic degree of decorative wood with smooth surface. High surface roughness of decorative wood with the lowest popular preference. By using psychophysical methods, 8 items of decorative wood beauty, which are constructed with 8 items of surface roughness, surface hardness, color, ring width, ring significance, structural detail, section and chromatic aberration, are the multivariate quantitative modulus of decorative wood: Z=-0.391-0.364X1-1-0.294X1-2-0.175X1-3-0.15X2-1-0.097 X2-2-0.114X4-1-0.232X4-2+0.089X5-1 -0.039X5-2-0.065X6-1+0.097X6-2+0.291X8-1+0.061X8-2+0.546X10-1+0.342X10-2+0.438X11-1+0.262X11-2; a significant correlation between the selected 8 factors and the preference of decorative wood was found through the test of the correlation coefficient. The preference for decorative wood increased with the increase of surface hardness. It is larger and larger, with the increase of surface roughness; the preference of dark colored decorative wood is higher than that of the other three colors.
After microwave treatment at different intensities and different times, the brightness L* of 4 kinds of common wood microwave treated wood, the red green axis color index a* and the saturation C value decreased, and the wood color changed to low brightness and low saturation, and the b* value of the yellow blue axis color index of deep wood color tree species (canister neem neem neem and ancient hematoxylin) was reduced by microwave treatment. The b* value of the yellow and blue axis color index of wood and color decorative wood (Fraxinus mandshurica and Cunninghamia lanceolata) is increased. Microwave intensity and microwave time have an effect on the change of wood color. In addition to the yellow blue axis color index b*, the value of the parameters of wood color decreases with the prolongation of the microwave treatment time, and the low intensity and long time microwave treatment is shorter than the high intensity. The effect of microwave treatment on the color of 4 common decorative wood materials is more significant. After microwave treatment at different intensities and different times, the wettability of the 4 kinds of common decorative wood is significantly reduced. Microwave intensity and microwave time have an effect on the wettability of wood surface. Under the same microwave intensity, the wettability of wood surface is prolonged with the prolongation of microwave treatment time. The effect of low intensity and long time microwave treatment on surface wettability of 4 common decorative wood was more significant.
With the prolongation of aging time, the brightness of 4 kinds of common decorative wood showed an increasing trend. The color index of the red and green axis decreased with the increase of the aging period. The color index of the yellow blue axis increased with the increase of the aging period. The color of the wood surface changed to white, green and yellowing. There is no obvious difference in the change of the surface color parameters of the surface material after the same aging period of the wave treatment material and the low strength long time microwave treatment material, and the change trend is basically consistent. The wettability of the surface of the microwave treated material is increased by accelerated aging. After the same aging period, the dynamic contact angle of the surface of the microwave treatment material is always greater than that of the untreated material. Under the same microwave intensity treatment, the dynamic contact angle of the surface of the short time microwave treatment material is less than the dynamic contact angle of the long time microwave treatment material, and there is no obvious difference in the surface wettability rules after the same aging period of the high strength and short time microwave treated material and the low intensity and long time microwave treatment material.
The changes of wood functional groups in 4 kinds of commonly used decorative wood materials and after microwave and accelerated aging were measured and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. After microwave treatment, the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of wood decreased, and the effect of microwave treatment with high intensity and short time on the hydroxyl number of wood surface was more significant than that of low intensity and long time microwave treatment. It is because of the microwave modification that the active groups of the wood surface are combined to lose the ability to attract each other. This combination is difficult to destroy or the polarity is difficult to recover, resulting in the decrease of the surface wettability. The absorption of the characteristic absorption peaks of the microwave treated material is low Yu Sucai, the absorption and reduction of the acetyl and fiber primary hydroxyl groups. In this case, the wood may have deacetylation, dehydration and thermal decomposition at this time. The relative intensity ratio of the absorption peak of the high intensity and short time microwave treatment material is greater than the relative intensity ratio of the absorption peak of the low strength and long time microwave treatment material, which proves that the microwave modification treatment makes the wood surface color change and reduce the surface of the microwave treatment material. The strength and time of microwave modification have an effect on the color and wettability of wood, and the effect of high strength and short time microwave treatment on the wettability of wood is more significant; the effect of low intensity and long time microwave treatment on wood color is more significant. The ratio of the ratio is less than the material, the relative intensity ratio of the characteristic absorption peak of the low power long time microwave modified material is less than the high power short time microwave modified material. The wood material of each aging period, the low power and long time microwave modification treatment of the characteristic absorption peak relative intensity ratio of the Cai Hegao power short time microwave modified material There is no obvious difference in the general trend of change, which proves that there is no obvious difference in the color parameters and wettability between the high intensity and short time microwave treated material and the low intensity and long time microwave treatment material under the same aging condition, and the conclusion is basically consistent.

【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：TU564

【引证文献】