战国秦汉漆器的装饰工艺研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 22:05

本文选题：战国 + 秦汉　；参考：《淮北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国制造漆器的历史悠久,战国秦汉时期是漆器发展最旺盛的时期之一。在战国秦汉时期各种材质的器物中,漆器占据着特殊的地位,漆器在这一时期得到广泛的使用,涉及生活的各个方面。战国秦汉时期漆器的装饰工艺技法极其丰富,这一时期漆艺的盛行是由当时社会的变革、科学技术的进步、细致的分工和专门的管理机构以及其它工艺美术对漆工艺的影响和促进所决定的。漆器工艺实质上就是漆的装饰工艺,一定的工艺技法形成一定的装饰风格。因此,战国秦汉时期的漆艺,无论是髹涂工艺、彩绘工艺,还是镶嵌工艺等等,漆器工艺都与装饰的形式和效果直接相关。因此,对漆器装饰风格和特征的研究,应该建立在漆工艺的研究基础之上,而对战国秦汉漆器胎骨、造型、装饰以及纹样的研究,也应该以漆器工艺的研究为基础。战国秦汉时期的漆器工艺,是在继承先前漆器工艺的基础上不断发展起来的,其近700年的发展,呈现空前繁荣之势,为中国漆器工艺的壮观历程树立了一座丰碑。这一时期的漆器装饰工艺技法主要有:髹涂、彩绘、镶嵌、金银箔贴花、扣器、锥画、堆漆等,这些技法在战国秦汉时期都有不同程度的发展。后世虽对漆艺的发展依然有创新,但战国秦汉时期已基本定型。如战国秦汉时期锥画工艺所延伸出来的戗金工艺在宋代得到继承和发展;西汉早期出现的堆漆工艺,到唐宋时期广为流行;金银箔贴花工艺为唐代“金银平脱”工艺的前身等。这一时期精美的彩绘,立线填漆的堆漆工艺,行云如丝的针刻技法,华贵的金银扣工艺等漆工艺,无不体现出漆器装饰工艺的特色,无论实用价值还是欣赏价值都达到相当高的水平。本文将以战国秦汉时期发掘出土的漆器为宝贵的实物材料,参考现存的古代漆工艺专著,结合学者们对古代漆工艺的研究成果,对战国秦汉漆器的装饰工艺及其发展过程进行研究;探讨漆器工艺与装饰的关系;揭示战国秦汉漆器的装饰特征。对秦汉漆器装饰进行深入的研究,帮助人们从工艺角度更好的欣赏和认识战国秦汉时期的漆器装饰及其工艺,也有助于现代工艺美术家们认识立足传统的重要性,吸取传统漆器工艺之精华,结合现代社会的背景,振兴中华民族的传统工艺,并把传统漆器工艺的精华发扬光大。
[Abstract]:China has a long history of making lacquer ware, and the Qin and Han dynasties during the warring States period was one of the most prosperous periods of lacquer ware development. Lacquer ware occupies a special position in various materials of Qin and Han dynasties. Lacquer ware was widely used in this period, involving all aspects of life. During the warring States, Qin and Han dynasties, the decorative techniques of lacquer ware were extremely rich. The prevailing lacquer art in this period was the result of the changes in society and the progress of science and technology at that time. Detailed division of labor and specialized management agencies, as well as other arts and crafts on the lacquer process and the impact of promotion. Lacquer craft is the decoration craft of lacquer in essence, certain craft technique forms a certain decoration style. Therefore, the lacquer art of the warring States, Qin and Han dynasties, whether it is painting, mosaic and so on, lacquer craft is directly related to the form and effect of decoration. Therefore, the study of lacquer decoration style and characteristics should be based on the study of lacquer craft, and the research on the bone, shape, decoration and pattern of lacquer ware in the warring States period, Qin and Han dynasties, should also be based on the study of lacquer ware technology. The lacquer craft of the warring States Qin and Han dynasties developed continuously on the basis of inheriting the previous lacquer craft. The development of the lacquer ware technology in the past 700 years showed the trend of unprecedented prosperity and set up a monument for the spectacular course of the Chinese lacquer ware craft. The lacquer decoration techniques of this period mainly include: painting, mosaic, gold and silver foil decals, bucklers, cones, stacks, and so on. These techniques developed to varying degrees during the warring States, Qin and Han dynasties. Although later generations of lacquer art development is still innovative, but the warring States Qin and Han dynasties have been basically finalized. For example, in the period of warring States, Qin and Han dynasties, the craftsmanship of taper painting was inherited and developed in the Song Dynasty; the process of stacking lacquer in the early Western Han Dynasty became popular in the Tang and Song dynasties; and the craft of gold and silver foil decals was the predecessor of the process of "gold and silver pingping off" in the Tang Dynasty. This period of exquisite painting, vertical line filling lacquer technology, line such as silk needle engraving techniques, colorful gold and silver buckle technology, all reflect the characteristics of lacquer decoration technology, Both practical and appreciative values have reached a fairly high level. This paper will take the lacquer ware excavated during the warring States, Qin and Han dynasties as valuable material, refer to the extant monographs of ancient lacquer technology, and combine the research results of scholars on ancient lacquer technology. This paper studies the decorative technology and development process of the lacquer ware in the warring States period and Qin and Han dynasties, probes into the relationship between the lacquerware technology and the decoration, and reveals the decorative characteristics of the lacquer ware in the Qin and Han dynasties during the warring States period. The deep research on the lacquer ware decoration of Qin and Han dynasties helps people appreciate and understand the lacquer ware decoration and its craft in the warring States period from the point of view of craft, and it also helps the modern arts and crafts to realize the importance of basing themselves on tradition. Absorb the essence of traditional lacquer craft, combine the background of modern society, revitalize the traditional craft of Chinese nation, and carry forward the essence of traditional lacquer craft.
【学位授予单位】：淮北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：J527

【参考文献】