四川广元元坝区清代李氏家族墓群装饰艺术研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 00:15

本文选题：清代墓葬建筑 + 李氏家族墓　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：四川广元元坝区晋贤乡中山村李氏家族的两代人三座墓,形制成熟,结构复杂,雕刻精美,世系关系清楚,父辈李紫煃墓建于同治二年(1862),子李登洲墓、侄李登升墓建于光绪八年(1882)。其中,李紫煃墓和李登升墓为同一匠师主持修建。这些因素构成了川北地区清代民间墓葬建筑的典型家族墓葬建筑群。文章以李氏家族墓群为个案,用图像学、田野调查、民俗学等方法,对该墓群建筑的装饰图像、雕刻工艺以及审美趣味进行研究,并在此基础上尝试梳理其世系的装饰特点及装饰观念。研究认为:李氏家族墓群具有讲究对称突出中心的装饰布局;追求丰富突出忠孝的装饰题材;注重细节突出巧艺的装饰技法;务为美观突出世系的装饰观念等特点。李氏家族墓群讲究对称突出中心的装饰布局遵循了中国传统丧礼中长期形成的建构模式,这种“中”的布局形式更容易达到整体与局部、内部空间与外部空间及环境的协调,体现出节奏感与韵律感。李氏家族墓群追求丰富突出忠孝的装饰题材是墓主人审美思想和建墓理念的最好证明,同时也可以用典范例子来教育后代。李氏家族墓群注重细节突出巧艺的装饰技法展示了匠师深厚的功底,对整体和局部的把控能力,突出了匠师在雕刻时具有创新性、灵活性。这样做即有节奏感和韵律感,又能突出重点缓解观者的视觉疲劳,增添装饰的趣味性、多样性。同时也是匠师丰富生活的积累及细心观察的体现。李氏家族墓群务为美观突出世系的装饰观念体现了墓主人“事死”、“如生”的理念,寄托了亡者对美好事物的追求及对后代的祝福,同时也体现了后人多样性的民间信仰和对灵魂的尊敬与邀宠,从而达到“齐人心”的建筑旨归。总结:李氏家族墓群装饰遵循了中国传统丧礼讲究对称突出中心的建构模式,展示了匠师高超的建筑和装饰水平,其装饰题材传达了墓主人“事死”、“如生”的理念,寄托了亡者对后代的重视及祝福,也体现了后人多样性的民间信仰和对灵魂的尊崇,从而达到“齐人心”的建筑旨归。
[Abstract]:Two generations and three tombs of the Li family in Jinxian Village, Jinxian Township, Guangyuan District, Sichuan Province, with mature shape, complex structure, exquisite sculptures, and clear lineage, were built in 1862, 1862, 1862, and 1862, respectively, at the Tomb of Zi Li Dengzhou. Li Dengsheng's tomb was built in Guang Xu eight years ago. Among them, Li Zihe tomb and Lee Dengsheng tomb for the same craftsman presided over the construction. These factors constitute the typical family tombs of the Qing Dynasty folk tombs in northern Sichuan. Taking the tomb group of the Li family as an example, this paper studies the decorative images, engraving techniques and aesthetic taste of the tomb building with the methods of imageology, field investigation, folklore and so on. On this basis, it tries to sort out its lineage decoration characteristics and decoration concept. The study holds that: Li family tombs have the characteristics of emphasizing the decorative layout of symmetrical prominence center, pursuing rich decorative themes that highlight loyalty and filial piety, paying attention to detail and highlighting the decorative techniques of skillful art, and giving attention to the beauty and the adornment concept of lineage. The decoration and layout of the symmetrical prominent center in the tomb group of the Li family followed the pattern of construction formed for a long time in the Chinese traditional funeral ceremony. This "middle" layout form is easier to achieve the harmony between the whole and the part, the internal space and the external space and the environment. Reflects the sense of rhythm and rhythm. The pursuit of rich decorative themes highlighting loyalty and filial piety is the best proof of the tomb owners' aesthetic thought and the concept of tomb building, and can also be used to educate future generations with exemplary examples. The adornment techniques of the Li family tombs pay attention to details and highlight the craftsman's deep foundation, the ability to control the whole and part of the work, and the creative and flexible nature of the craftsman in carving. In this way, there is rhythm and rhythm, but also can focus on alleviating the visual fatigue of the viewer, adding fun and variety of decoration. It is also the embodiment of rich life accumulation and careful observation of craftsmen. The tomb affairs of the Li family embody the concept of "serving death" and "life like life" for the sake of beautiful appearance and outstanding descent, and ascribe the dead's pursuit of the beautiful things and the blessing to the future generations. At the same time, it also reflects the diversity of folk beliefs and respect for the soul and invite favor, so as to achieve the architectural purpose of "Qi people's heart". Summary: the decoration of the Li family tombs follows the construction mode of the traditional Chinese funeral ceremony, which emphasizes the symmetry and prominence of the center, and shows the excellent architecture and decoration level of the craftsman, whose decoration theme conveys the concept of "dying" and "living" of the tomb owner. It also embodies the diversity of folk beliefs and respect for the soul of later generations, thus achieving the architectural aim of "Qi people's heart".
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU251

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