家具装修材增值加工技术效益分析

发布时间：2018-05-29 13:50

本文选题：增值技术 + 评估　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本研究以“家具装修材增值加工技术”课题15个研究单元为研究对象,首先设计调查表实地调研收集数据,对其进行技术评价;然后运用技术经济学原理及方法建立评价指标体系和效益分析数学模型,由此得出经济效益评估结果;最后对该15项技术投产所带来的社会效益和环境效益进行了分析评价,为课题验收及企业决策提供依据。得出如下结论: (1)专题一。双联圆锯径切板制材技术为高效类研究单元,其径切板的出材率为49.8%,较带锯制材高12.4%,达到课题预期目标。复合地板芯板高精度处理技术和厚单板刨切技术为增值类研究单元,前者处理的单板制成的多层杨木复合地板的翘曲度较未处理板材分别下降13.01%-15.99%;后者可使背面裂隙度小于10%,厚度误差小于4%,较大程度提高实木多层复合地板的尺寸稳定性和表面质量;该专题增值类研究单元投产项目较原有技术项目盈利能力均有所提高,项目整体经济性能较优,作为单独的项目可行;同时,复合地板芯板高精度处理技术和厚单板刨切技术产品附加值分别达到71.35%和105.3%,达到课题预期目标。 (2)专题二。异型胶拼与砂光技术和异型下锯制材技术均为高效类研究单元,前者通过异形拼接的方式加工家具、门窗框架材料,其平均木材利用率,较传统矩形材拼接方式可提高约为20%;后者实际应用锯解时,出材率可达到20%左右,达到课题预期目标。活节涂盖木粉腻子为增值类研究单元,该研究单元开发的门窗底涂超精细木粉腻子装饰技术,该投产项目资金占用效率较好,整体经济性能较优,作为单独的项目可行;同时,活节涂盖木粉腻子产品附加值达到112.4%,达到了课题预期目标。 (3)专题三。该专题均为增值类研究单元。①静音地板单元研制的木-橡胶功能复合材料撞击声76.5dB(A),撞击声改善值15.5dB(A)。静音性能优于软木复合地板,仅次于软木地板;②硅树脂强化木材抗弯强度平均值为87.70 MPa,抗弯弹性模量平均值为12.41 GPa。端面、弦面和径面的硬度可分别提高34.62%,49.15%和53.45%;③电磁屏蔽板材接缝技术单元制备的木基电磁屏蔽板材整体屏蔽效能可达20-25dB,屏蔽性能较优;④木材温致变色技术单元实现26℃至32℃变化时,木材在染色和本色之间的可逆变色;⑤厚单板调色产品和普通树脂强化重组产品两个单元研制出的树脂强化单板家具地板装饰材板材密度0.8g/cm3,含水率≤10%,顺纹抗拉强度≥120MPa,顺纹抗弯强度120-150MPa,胶层抗剪强度≥12MPa,24h吸水率≤6%,材色和花纹仿真性与样品相似,总色差△E*ab≤3,耐光色牢度4级以上。专题三各项技术投产项目投资回收期均较短,风险较小,项目资金占用效率较好,整体经济性能较优,作为单独项目均可行;同时,各项技术产品附加值均在70%以上,达到了课题预期目标。 (4)专题四。松脂快速渗析技术、调色防变色技术和深度脱脂融合技术,可实现松木双面脱脂深度达5～6cm,脱脂率和脱油率在80%以上,保持松木天然材色,使含水率为12%左右的松木在自然条件下2年内色差变化不超过5NBS。三个单元融合的生产项目年盈利额与利润比普通脱脂技术生产线分别增加108.4%与120.2%,项目盈利能力较强,该项目的资金占用效率较好,整体经济性能较优;同时,该技术产品附加值为60.98%,达到了课题预期目标。 (5)“家具装修材增值加工技术”15项研发技术以废旧木质材料,废旧电子产品,废有色金属、废旧轮胎等废弃物作为原料,自主创新研发高附加值产品,与国家有关环境技术政策及科技发展规划一致,对于推动木材行业的产业结构优化升级起到了积极作用;能够改善人们生活、工作环境和质量,创造大量就业机会;可节约有限的森林资源,维护生态平衡,实现经济与生态环境协调健康可持续发展。
[Abstract]:This research takes 15 research units as "furniture decoration material value-added processing technology" as the research object. First, we design the questionnaire and collect data in the field to collect the data and evaluate it. Then the evaluation index system and the benefit analysis mathematical model are established by using the principles and methods of technical economics, and the results of the economic benefit evaluation are obtained. Finally, the results of the economic benefit evaluation are obtained. The social and environmental benefits brought about by the 15 technologies were analyzed and evaluated, providing the basis for the acceptance of the project and the decision of enterprises.
(1) special topic 1. Double circular saw cutting plate cutting plate making technology is a highly efficient research unit. The output rate of the cutting plate is 49.8% and the sawing material is 12.4% higher than that of the strip saw. The high precision treatment technology of the composite floor core and the thick single board planing technology is the value-added research unit, the former is treated with the single board multi-layer poplar composite flooring. The warping degree is lower than that of the untreated plate 13.01%-15.99%, and the latter can make the backside crack less than 10% and the thickness error less than 4%. The size stability and surface quality of the solid wood multilayer composite floor can be improved greatly. The project is more profitable than the original technical item, and the overall economy of the project is overall. It can be better, as a single project. At the same time, the added value of the high precision treatment technology and the thick single board planing technology of the composite floor core board can reach 71.35% and 105.3%, respectively, to achieve the expected goal of the project.
(2) special topic two. Heteromorphic gluing, sand light technology and special-shaped lower saw making technology are all efficient research units. The former processing furniture, door and window frame materials, the average wood utilization rate of the former is about 20% compared with the traditional rectangular wood splicing, and the latter can reach about 20% when the latter is used. The project is used as a value-added research unit, which is developed by the research unit to decorate the fine wood powder putty of the door and window at the bottom of the door. The project has better capital efficiency and better overall economic performance, as a single project. At the same time, the added value of the putty product is 112.4%, which has reached the class. The goal is expected.
(3) topic three. This topic is a value-added research unit. (1) the wood rubber functional composite material impact sound 76.5dB (A) and the impact sound improvement value 15.5dB (A) developed by the mute floor unit. The mute performance is superior to the cork composite floor, second only to the cork floor; the average value of the flexural strength of the silicon resin reinforced wood material is 87.70 MPa and the flexural modulus of elasticity is average. For 12.41 GPa. end face, the hardness of the chord surface and the diameter surface can be increased by 34.62%, 49.15% and 53.45% respectively. (3) the overall shielding effectiveness of the wood based electromagnetic shielding plate prepared by the electromagnetic shielding plate joint technology unit is up to 20-25dB, and the shielding performance is better. 4. When the wood temperature and Chromism unit is changed from 26 to 32, the wood is between the dyeing and the original color. Reversible color discoloration; (5) the density of the resin reinforced veneer furniture floor decoration material 0.8g/cm3, water content less than 10%, CIS grain tensile strength more than 120MPa, CIS grain bending strength 120-150MPa, rubber layer shear strength more than 12MPa, 24h water absorption ratio less than 6%, 24h water absorption rate less than 6%, wood color and pattern simulation Similar to the sample, the total color difference is less than 3 E*ab, and the color fastness is above 4.
The investment recovery period of the project three projects is short, the risk is small, the efficiency of the project funds is better, the overall economic performance is better, as a single item, all the additional values of all the technical products are above 70%, which has reached the expected goal of the project.
(4) special four. Fast dialysis technology of pine fat, color control and anti discoloration technology and deep degreasing fusion technology can achieve 5 ~ 6cm, degreasing rate and deoiling rate of more than 80%, keep pine natural wood color, and make the color difference of pine wood with water content 12% in 2 years not more than 5NBS. three units The annual profit and profit of the project increase by 108.4% and 120.2% respectively than the ordinary skimming technology production line, and the project profit ability is stronger. The fund occupying efficiency of the project is better and the overall economic performance is better. At the same time, the added value of the technical product is 60.98%, which has reached the expected goal of the project.
(5) "furniture decoration material value-added processing technology" 15 research and development technology with waste wood materials, waste electronic products, waste nonferrous metals, waste tires and other waste as raw materials, independent innovation and research and development of high value-added products, and the national environmental technology policies and scientific and technological development rules, to promote the industrial structure optimization of the timber industry It has played an active role in improving people's life, working environment and quality, creating a large number of employment opportunities, saving limited forest resources, maintaining ecological balance, and achieving a coordinated and healthy sustainable development of the economy and the ecological environment.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TU564

【参考文献】