典型热塑性装饰材料火灾特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 08:51

本文选题：热塑性装饰材料 + 火灾模型　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 热塑性装饰材料因其质轻、便宜、加工方便和防水、耐腐蚀等优点，在建筑中得到了广泛的应用。然而热塑性装饰材料在建筑火灾中，会释放出大量的有毒烟气，通过壁面火蔓延或流动火蔓延，为火灾向邻区发展提供通道，，扩大火灾面积并强化室内火灾，加速室内火灾的发展过程。以往的装饰材料火灾研究主要集中在“热固型”材料，对于热塑性装饰材料的火灾行为研究非常少，热塑性材料的受热流动特性其火灾行为与“热固型”材料的火灾行为有很大的差异，因此本文的目标是对热塑性装饰材料的火灾特性进行研究。根据实际情况选取了五种常见的热塑性装饰材料PP(聚丙烯)、PE(聚乙烯)、PS(聚苯乙烯)、PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂)和PVC(聚氯乙稀)装饰板作为研究对象，运用小尺寸实验和全尺寸实验相结合的方法进行火灾特性研究。小尺寸实验采用热失重分析仪(TG)和锥形量热仪(Cone)，热失重分析仪用于研究材料的热解特性，分析了材料在空气中的热解过程和热解动力学，为热塑性装饰材料火灾行为的研究提供最基础的支持。锥形量热仪用于研究材料的小尺寸燃烧性能，分析了材料厚度与外加热辐射通量对材料的点燃时间、热释放速率和质量损失速率等火灾参数的影响。利用无量纲化、数值模拟和线性拟合的方法建立了预测热薄型、热中型和热厚型材料的点燃时间公式，以无量纲热辐射通量的形式给出了各预测公式的适用范围，并验证了其可靠性。目前建筑装饰材料的对火行为测试标准很难能够反映热塑性装饰材料的火灾行为，因此本文根据火灾中热塑材料的受热行为，基于ISO 9705热释放速率实验台，设计并搭建了热塑性装饰材料火灾行为实验平台。利用该实验平台研究了材料种类、材料厚度、点火源功率、地板材料和熔融流动能力对热塑性装饰材料全尺寸火灾行为的影响，测量了热释放速率、油池与油池火面积、火焰高度等关键的火灾参数。通过对实验数据的分析提出了热塑性装饰材料的流动燃烧与固体表面燃烧两种燃烧形式，运用材料热解机理对燃烧形式进行了解释，分析得到影响热塑性装饰材料火灾行为的重要因素。在实验研究文献分析基础上，提出了热塑性装饰材料火灾过程模拟的困难与方向，利用场模拟软件FDS对热塑性装饰材料固体表面燃烧过程进行了模拟计算，分析了FDS对固体表面燃烧过程模拟的适用性。根据顺流火蔓延理论，推导了无点火源作用下壁面向上火蔓延的计算公式，并对固体表面燃烧火灾过程进行了模拟，验证了推导的计算公式的适用性。
[Abstract]:Thermoplastic decorative materials have been widely used in buildings for their advantages of light quality, cheap, convenient processing, waterproof, corrosion resistance and so on. However, thermal plastic decorative materials will release a large number of toxic fumes in building fires, through the spread of wall fire or flow fire, to provide channels for the development of fire to adjacent areas, and to expand the area of fire. Strengthen indoor fire and accelerate the development of indoor fire.
The previous research on the fire of decorative materials is mainly focused on the "thermosetting" materials. The fire behavior of thermoplastic materials is very small. The fire behavior of thermoplastic materials is very different from the fire behavior of the "thermosetting" material. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to fire the thermal plastic decorative materials. Five kinds of common thermoplastic decorative materials, PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PS (polystyrene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) and PVC (polychlorinated ethylene) decorative plates, were selected as the research objects according to the actual conditions. The fire characteristics were studied by combination of small size experiment and full size experiment.
The thermal weight loss analyzer (TG) and conical calorimeter (Cone) were used in the small size experiments. The thermal weight loss analyzer was used to study the pyrolysis characteristics of the materials. The pyrolysis process and pyrolysis kinetics of the materials in the air were analyzed, which provided the most basic support for the study of the fire behavior of the thermoplastic decorative materials. The effects of material thickness and external heating flux on fire parameters such as ignition time, heat release rate and mass loss rate are analyzed. The formula of ignition time for predicting hot thin, hot and hot profile materials is established by dimensionless, numerical simulation and linear fitting method, with non dimensional heat radiation flux. The application range of each prediction formula is given, and its reliability is verified.
At present, the fire behavior test standard of the building decoration material is difficult to reflect the fire behavior of the thermoplastic decoration material. Therefore, based on the thermal behavior of the thermoplastic material in the fire, based on the ISO 9705 heat release rate test platform, the experimental platform of the thermal plastic decorative material fire is designed and built, and the experimental platform is used to study the material. The effects of material types, material thickness, point fire power, floor material and melting flow ability on the full size fire behavior of thermoplastic decorative materials were investigated, and the key fire parameters such as heat release rate, oil pool fire area and flame height were measured. The flow combustion and solid of thermoplastic decoration materials were put forward by the analysis of experimental data. Two kinds of combustion forms are burned on the surface of the surface. The combustion forms are explained by the pyrolysis mechanism of the materials, and the important factors affecting the fire behavior of the thermoplastic decorative materials are analyzed.
On the basis of the literature analysis of the experimental research, the difficulty and direction of the simulation of the fire process of the thermoplastic decorative materials are put forward. The simulation of the combustion process of the solid surface of the thermoplastic material is simulated by the field simulation software FDS, and the applicability of the FDS to the simulation of the combustion process of the solid surface is analyzed. The formula for calculating the fire spread under the action of the fire source is simulated, and the burning process of the solid surface is simulated. The applicability of the derived formula is verified.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：X928.7

【引证文献】