中东铁路建筑近代化探索

发布时间：2018-06-25 14:50

本文选题：中东铁路建筑 + 近代化　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：19世纪末20世纪初,社会性质的改变和生产方式的改变对建筑提出了新的要求,产生了新的建筑类型、技术和设计思想与之相适应,中东铁路就是在这种时代背景下修建起来的。俄国和日本在对铁路附属地的建设中顺应了这一潮流,体现了建筑的近代化特征。本文以近代化视角,使用文献分析法、实地调研法和综合分析法对世界建筑图景中的中东铁路建筑的技术和设计思想进行分析。在建筑技术方面,俄国和日本引入新的建筑材料——砖、玻璃、钢铁和水泥,结合本地资源开发新型材料,对其进行试验并投入工业生产;使用了新结构——钢筋(骨)混凝土结构、钢结构,形式多样,可分为框架结构、桁架结构、拱形结构、无梁板结构、壳体结构和悬索结构,主要被用于大空间建筑、体育建筑、仓库、工业和生产建筑、空间灵活、功能混合的建筑及桥梁中;发展了新的施工技术,建立了以工程师、工人、承包团体和建筑公司为基础的施工人员组织,引进了卷扬机、起重机、挖掘机、混凝土搅拌机等机械设备和提砖器、水准仪等辅助工具,配合使用防寒棚、脚手架等施工设施,克服严寒天气,在各季快速、有序地进行建筑、桥梁、隧道和港口施工。在设计思想方面,城市规划与世界先进理念保持同步,借鉴了功能主义、花园城市、区域规划、邻里单位和集中主义规划理念,将中东铁路沿线城市建设成具有国际先进性的大都市。在建筑设计中追随前沿的建筑设计思潮,受新艺术运动、装饰艺术运动和现代主义运动的影响,中东铁路附属地成为新思潮的试验场。工业化设计思想也有丰富的体现,设计标准化、生产集约化和构件预制化使建造活动得以经济、快速、合理地进行,是建筑工业化的重要手段。中东铁路建筑的近代化探索同步于世界,部分先进于俄国和日本本土,同时体现了地域性、曲折性和不足。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the changes in the nature of society and the mode of production put forward new requirements for architecture, resulting in new types of architecture, with which technology and design ideas were adapted. It was against this background that the Middle East Railway was built. Russia and Japan conform to this trend in the construction of railway appendages and embody the modern characteristics of architecture. From the perspective of modernization, this paper analyzes the technology and design idea of Middle East railway architecture in the world architecture picture by using literature analysis method, field investigation method and comprehensive analysis method. In terms of building technology, Russia and Japan introduced new building materials brick, glass, steel and cement, developed new materials in combination with local resources, tested them and put them into industrial production; New structure-reinforced (bone) concrete structure, steel structure, various forms, can be divided into frame structure, truss structure, arch structure, beamless slab structure, shell structure and suspension cable structure, mainly used in large space buildings, Sports buildings, warehouses, industrial and production buildings, flexible space, mixed-function buildings and bridges; new construction technologies have been developed, and constructors' organizations based on engineers, workers, contracting groups and construction companies have been established, With the introduction of winders, cranes, excavators, concrete mixers, and other auxiliary tools such as bricklifts and levelers, and the use of construction facilities such as cold shelters and scaffolding to overcome the cold weather, and quickly in each season, Orderly construction of buildings, bridges, tunnels and ports. In terms of design ideas, urban planning keeps pace with the world's advanced ideas, drawing lessons from functionalism, garden cities, regional planning, neighborhood units and centralism planning concepts. The Middle East railway along the city into an international advanced metropolis. Under the influence of the New Art Movement, the decorative Art Movement and the Modernism Movement, the Middle East Railway attached to the Middle East Railway has become the testing ground of the new trend of thought. The idea of industrial design is also rich in embodiment. Design standardization, intensive production and prefabrication of components make the construction activities economic, rapid and reasonable, which is an important means of building industrialization. The modernization of railway architecture in the Middle East is synchronous with the world, partly advanced in Russia and Japan, at the same time, it embodies regional, tortuous and inadequate.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU248.1

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