Sol-Gel法制备硅溶胶及对粘胶纤维的改性研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 15:03

  本文选题：溶胶-凝胶法 + 硅溶胶　； 参考：《华南理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：粘胶纤维作为再生纤维素纤维中的重要品种,被应用于服用面料、内衣、装饰等多个领域,不仅可以提供合成纤维所不具有的优异性能,还可以弥补棉织物等天然纤维产量上的不足,一直占有一定的市场份额。随着消费者的需求越来越高,功能织物逐渐成为研究的热点,而拒水改性是其中重要部分。拒水整理剂中,含氟拒水剂因其拒水、拒油效果都很好,得到广泛应用,但是其原料PFOS和PFOA对人体及环境都有害,开发无氟拒水剂具有重要的意义。溶胶-凝胶法是无氟拒水整理的一种新的思路,引起广泛关注,用这种新方法代替含氟拒水剂具有重要意义。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅溶胶,用其整理粘胶纤维织物,构筑粗糙表面,选用无氟拒水剂进行低表面能修饰,对粘胶纤维进行拒水改性研究。实验选择正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,氨水为催化剂,乙醇作为共溶剂制备硅溶胶;研究硅球粒径及多分散指数(PDI)对拒水性能的影响,结果表明,拒水性不仅受到硅球粒径的影响,也很大程度上取决于粒径分布的均匀性,硅球粒径在160-190nm范围内,同时PDI在0.06以下,可以获得良好的拒水效果。论文还系统探讨了硅溶胶的制备条件及影响因素。在本体系中,最佳条件为:n(TEOS:H2O:C2H5OH:氨水)为1:5:12:0.3,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为1.5h。实验结果表明,仅仅通过浸轧硅溶胶制得的织物具有高度的亲水性,必须经过低表面能修饰,才能赋予织物拒水性。本文研究聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(HSO)、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷(AEAPS)低表面能修饰剂对织物性能的影响,并与不同碳链长度的烷基硅氧烷进行比较。发现HSO和AEAPS不仅拒水效果优于烷基硅氧烷,而且还可以赋予织物优良的手感。制备出超疏水织物所需的AEAPS用量少于HSO用量,但HSO整理织物抗黄变性能优于AEAPS。采用HSO改性硅溶胶直接整理织物和先用硅溶胶浸轧织物构筑粗糙表面再用HSO溶液处理的分步整理法均可获得超疏水粘胶纤维织物,但分步法制得的织物拒水功能耐洗性优于直接法。通过对拒水整理工艺的研究,得出最佳整理条件为:以质量分数为2%的HSO或质量分数为0.5%的AEAPS为整理液,将Sol-粘胶纤维织物浸渍其中15min,二浸二轧(轧余率70%),80℃烘干,130℃焙烘5min,在此条件下制得的粘胶纤维与水的接触角大于150°,经20次洗涤接触角仍然保持在130°以上。
[Abstract]:As an important variety of regenerated cellulose fiber, viscose fiber is used in many fields, such as wearing fabric, underwear, decoration and so on. It can not only provide excellent properties that synthetic fiber does not have. Can also make up for cotton fabrics and other natural fiber production deficiencies, has been occupying a certain market share. With the increasing demand of consumers, functional fabrics gradually become the focus of research, and water-repellent modification is an important part. Water repellent agent containing fluorine has been widely used because of its good water repellent and oil repellent effect, but PFOS and PFOA are harmful to human body and environment, so it is of great significance to develop water repellent without fluorine. The sol-gel method is a new idea for fluorine-free water-repellent finishing, which has attracted wide attention. It is of great significance to use this new method to replace fluorine-containing water repellent. In this paper, silica sol was prepared by sol-gel method, which was used to finish viscose fiber fabric, to construct rough surface, to modify viscose fiber with low surface energy by using fluorine-free water repellent agent, and to study water repellent modification of viscose fiber. Silica sol was prepared by using ethyl orthosilicate as precursor, ammonia as catalyst and ethanol as co-solvent. The effects of particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) on water repellent properties were studied. The results showed that the water repellency was not only affected by the diameter of silica spheres, but also by polydispersity index (PDI). The particle size is in the range of 160-190nm and the particle size is less than 0.06, which can obtain good water repellent effect. The preparation conditions and influencing factors of silica sol were also discussed. In this system, the optimum conditions are: 1: 5: 12: 0.3, reaction temperature 40 鈩，

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