常家庄园建筑石构件装饰艺术研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 12:35
【摘要】：晋商民居三雕艺术有着独特的地域特色和文化内涵,作为三雕范畴的榆次常家庄园建筑石构件,其精美的雕刻样式,丰富的纹样内容,独特的文化底蕴,在晋商民居石雕中占有重要的地位,是中国石雕艺术的重要组成部分。 通过对常家庄园建筑石构件的装饰起源、艺术特征、装饰手法、审美意蕴、文化内涵做系统的分析、研究和论证,揭示出常家庄园石构件的美不在于大而在于势、不在于工而在于巧、不在于景而在于韵、不在于形而在于神,是内容与形式的统一,物质与精神的统一,功能与美学的统一。 常家庄园石构件丰富多样的装饰题材,灵活多变的纹样形式,应用充分的装饰空间,把整个建筑环境装饰的美轮美奂。其中最具特色的是吉祥文化的应用,把具有吉祥寓意的植物、动物、人物、器物、汉字等经过省略法、变形法、修饰法等手法运用在装饰形式中,以“谐音”、“明显暗喻”的文学手法体现求吉祈福的思想,对石构件的装饰达到了“有图必有意,有意必吉祥”的地步。不仅如此,其造型粗犷雄浑、朴实厚重,其手法线条流畅、疏密有致,虚实相生,是清代建筑装饰中的杰作,同时也可以作为独立的艺术品来欣赏。 在空间布局上,其布局严谨,规制峻整,北方宅第与南方园林完美结合,桥、廊、厅、台等石雕作品与建筑浑然一体。无论从规模、气势、结构、布局、营造法式及文化内涵,均把“儒商”这一体质体现得淋漓尽致。其天人合一、师法自然的营造法式,体现出中国儒道哲学的本质与精神。 常家庄园建筑石构件装饰艺术是民间美术形式之一,是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,是集意识形态和价值取向为一体的人类智慧结晶,是理性的社会沉淀,反映着地域文化的遗存面貌,也蕴含着中国传统审美观、民族意识和精神祈求。同时,它根植于中国传统文化和儒道思想,生存于劳动者深厚的生活土壤中,代表着中华民族的民族精神。 常家庄园留给世人的是一座研究中国民俗文化的宝库,其建筑石构件,雕工精细、造型考究、与其独特的图案样式不仅为民间美术留下了宝贵的资料,而且为明清石雕的研究提供了可考的理论依据。
[Abstract]:As a stone component of Yuci Changjia Manor building in the category of three carvings, the art of SanDiao of Shanxi merchants houses has unique regional characteristics and cultural connotations, with its exquisite engraving style, rich pattern content and unique cultural background. It plays an important role in the stone carving of Shanxi merchants and is an important part of Chinese stone carving art. Through the systematic analysis, research and demonstration of the decorative origin, artistic characteristics, decorative techniques, aesthetic implication and cultural connotation of the stone components of Changjia Manor, it is revealed that the beauty of the stone components of Changjia Manor lies not in the big but in the potential. It is the unity of content and form, material and spirit, function and aesthetics. Changjia manor stone components rich and diverse decorative themes, flexible patterns, the application of adequate decorative space, the entire architectural environment decoration beautiful. Among them, the most characteristic is the application of auspicious culture, in which plants, animals, characters, utensils and Chinese characters with auspicious connotations are used in decorative forms by means of ellipsis, deformation, modification, and so on, with "homophony". The literary technique of "obvious metaphor" embodies the thought of seeking good luck and blessing, and the decoration of stone components reaches the point of "having a plan and intending to be lucky". Not only that, its shape is rough and powerful, simple and heavy, its technique is smooth, dense, empty and solid, is a masterpiece of architectural decoration in the Qing Dynasty, but also as an independent art to appreciate. In the space layout, its layout is rigorous, the regulation is steep, the northern house and the southern garden perfect union, the bridge, the corridor, the hall, the platform and so on stone sculpture works and the architecture is integrated. No matter from scale, momentum, structure, layout, construction of French style and cultural connotation, "Confucian merchants" the physique is reflected incisively and vividly. The harmony of nature and man, and the creation of the natural style of learning from the law reflect the essence and spirit of Chinese Confucianism and Taoism. The decorative art of stone components of Changjia manor building is one of the forms of folk art, an important part of Chinese traditional culture, the crystallization of human wisdom which integrates ideology and value orientation, and the rational social precipitation. It reflects the remains of regional culture, and also contains Chinese traditional aesthetics, national consciousness and spiritual petition. At the same time, it is rooted in the traditional Chinese culture and Confucianism and Taoism, living in the deep living soil of workers, representing the national spirit of the Chinese nation. Changjia Manor left the world with a treasure house to study Chinese folklore culture. Its stone components, fine carving and exquisite modelling, not only leave valuable information for folk art, but also for its unique design style. And for the Ming and Qing Dynasty stone carving research to provide an examinable theoretical basis.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J525.1
[Abstract]:As a stone component of Yuci Changjia Manor building in the category of three carvings, the art of SanDiao of Shanxi merchants houses has unique regional characteristics and cultural connotations, with its exquisite engraving style, rich pattern content and unique cultural background. It plays an important role in the stone carving of Shanxi merchants and is an important part of Chinese stone carving art. Through the systematic analysis, research and demonstration of the decorative origin, artistic characteristics, decorative techniques, aesthetic implication and cultural connotation of the stone components of Changjia Manor, it is revealed that the beauty of the stone components of Changjia Manor lies not in the big but in the potential. It is the unity of content and form, material and spirit, function and aesthetics. Changjia manor stone components rich and diverse decorative themes, flexible patterns, the application of adequate decorative space, the entire architectural environment decoration beautiful. Among them, the most characteristic is the application of auspicious culture, in which plants, animals, characters, utensils and Chinese characters with auspicious connotations are used in decorative forms by means of ellipsis, deformation, modification, and so on, with "homophony". The literary technique of "obvious metaphor" embodies the thought of seeking good luck and blessing, and the decoration of stone components reaches the point of "having a plan and intending to be lucky". Not only that, its shape is rough and powerful, simple and heavy, its technique is smooth, dense, empty and solid, is a masterpiece of architectural decoration in the Qing Dynasty, but also as an independent art to appreciate. In the space layout, its layout is rigorous, the regulation is steep, the northern house and the southern garden perfect union, the bridge, the corridor, the hall, the platform and so on stone sculpture works and the architecture is integrated. No matter from scale, momentum, structure, layout, construction of French style and cultural connotation, "Confucian merchants" the physique is reflected incisively and vividly. The harmony of nature and man, and the creation of the natural style of learning from the law reflect the essence and spirit of Chinese Confucianism and Taoism. The decorative art of stone components of Changjia manor building is one of the forms of folk art, an important part of Chinese traditional culture, the crystallization of human wisdom which integrates ideology and value orientation, and the rational social precipitation. It reflects the remains of regional culture, and also contains Chinese traditional aesthetics, national consciousness and spiritual petition. At the same time, it is rooted in the traditional Chinese culture and Confucianism and Taoism, living in the deep living soil of workers, representing the national spirit of the Chinese nation. Changjia Manor left the world with a treasure house to study Chinese folklore culture. Its stone components, fine carving and exquisite modelling, not only leave valuable information for folk art, but also for its unique design style. And for the Ming and Qing Dynasty stone carving research to provide an examinable theoretical basis.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J525.1
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