西安市家庭装修过程中典型污染物的动态分布研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 16:16

【摘要】：现阶段,室内家居装修已成为现代人们生活的重要组成部分。由此导致的室内空气污染问题也愈加严重。室内环境问题是是当今社会又一新的污染现象。本课题旨在研究家居装修过程中及装修结束后一段时间的污染物动态分布,了解其变化规律及变化原因；通过对整个过程的室内空气质量评价情况和污染来源的分析,对今后人们在装修过程各个工期应使用的材料和应防范的污染来源提供可靠的依据。本课题选取了西安市长安区的两户新装修住宅作为研究对象,采用多功能甲醛、氨检测仪和FirstCheck+5000便携气体检测仪以现场测量的方式,对各采样点从装修开始到结束后半年各进行了为期约九个月的持续检测,对室内空气中的甲醛、氨、TVOC和苯四种污染物的浓度进行了检测；采用SPSS数据分析软件对四种所选污染物进行相关性分析；同时,根据检测的数据,利用单因子评价法、综合分析法和灰色统计决策对每次检测时的室内空气质量进行了评价,最后利用问卷调查的方法对广大居民进行室内装修污染物的认识状况。通过以上研究主要获得以下结论： (1)甲醛、氨、TVOC和苯装修过程和装修半年后的整个阶段均存在至少有一种污染物超标的情况。绝对清洁的环境在整个监测过程中不存在,整个阶段的污染率达90%以上,重污染率为在60%左右,污染状况比较严重。 (2)在整个装修期间,各污染物浓度随着装修阶段的不同呈现较大的波动。甲醛的浓度值在木工阶段和家具入驻后均会有较大幅度的上升；室内空气中氨的含量在墙面处理粉刷阶段和木工结束后会急剧增加；TVOC和苯的浓度在壁纸黏贴后和家具入驻时快速上升。 (3)甲醛和氨的污染在整个装修环节已得到有效的控制,苯和TVOC的污染防治应引起广大居民的注意。从两个监测点的灰色统计决策法评价室内空气质量评价结果中来看,苯已成为影响室内环境质量的最大因素,TVOC次之。 (4)装修季节对室内空气质量有一定影响。选择在春夏季装修居室内由于装修时气温较高,室内污染物释放速度较快,且由于开窗时间较长,空气流通频繁；在装修结束后,北方会有供暖期,室内空气在装修开始到结束后半年这个时间段内经历两次高温过程,污染物释放速度更快。室内空气中的单个污染物含量要低于选择在秋冬季装修的居室。 (5)西安市广大居民的防治污染意识比较强,在选取装修产品时均注重国家的质量标准和绿色标准,但是由于市场的产品状况和除污效果不佳的原因,导致在装修结束后入住时仍有身体不适的状况,室内空气质量状况不容乐观。 (6)根据课题研究情况,建议国家加大对建材装修行业的监管,加大宣传绿色装修的理念；广大建材生产厂商应加快低成本无污染建材产品的研发；业主和装修从业者应减少在施工现场的停留,并在装修结束后采用积极措施加快室内污染物的扩散,采用植物去污染的方法来达到清洁室内环境的目的。
[Abstract]:At present, indoor home decoration has become an important part of modern people's life. The problem of indoor air pollution is becoming more and more serious. Indoor environment is a new pollution phenomenon in today's society. This topic aims to study the dynamic distribution of pollutants in the process of home decoration and after the end of the decoration. By analyzing the quality of indoor air quality and the source of pollution in the whole process, it provides a reliable basis for the material that people should use in the different period of the decoration process and the pollution sources that should be prevented in the future.
The subject selected two newly decorated houses in Changan District of Xi'an as the research object, using the multi-functional formaldehyde, ammonia detector and FirstCheck+5000 portable gas detector in the way of field measurement. Each sampling point was tested for about nine months from the beginning of the decoration to the end of the year, and the formaldehyde in the indoor air was tested. The concentration of four kinds of pollutants of ammonia, TVOC and benzene were detected. The correlation analysis of four kinds of pollutants was analyzed by using SPSS data analysis software. At the same time, according to the measured data, the internal air quality of each test was evaluated by single factor evaluation method, comprehensive analysis method and grey statistical decision. Finally, the questionnaire was used to adjust the air quality. The method of investigation is used to understand the status of pollutants in indoor decoration for residents.
(1) there is at least one kind of pollutants exceeding the standard in the process of decoration of formaldehyde, ammonia, TVOC and benzene, and the whole stage of decoration for half a year. The absolute clean environment does not exist during the whole monitoring process. The pollution rate of the whole stage is over 90%, the heavy pollution rate is about 60%, and the pollution condition is serious.
(2) during the whole decoration, the concentration of the pollutants varies greatly with the different stages of the decoration. The concentration of formaldehyde will increase greatly in the woodworking stage and after the furniture, the content of ammonia in the indoor air will increase sharply in the wall processing and after the end of the woodwork; the concentration of TVOC and benzene is sticky in the wallpaper. Post and furniture go up quickly.
(3) the pollution of formaldehyde and ammonia has been effectively controlled in the whole decoration link. The pollution prevention and control of benzene and TVOC should attract the attention of the residents. From the results of the evaluation of the indoor air quality evaluation from the grey statistical decision method of two monitoring points, benzene has become the biggest factor affecting the quality of the indoor environment, and TVOC times.
(4) the decoration season has a certain influence on the indoor air quality. In the spring and summer decoration, the air temperature is high, the indoor pollutant release speed is faster, and the air circulation is frequent because of the longer window opening time. After the decoration, the north will have heating period, the interior air is in the beginning of the decoration to the end of the half of the year. After two high temperatures, the pollutant release rate is faster. The single pollutant content in the indoor air is lower than that in the house which is decorated in autumn and winter.
(5) the awareness of pollution prevention and control of the residents in Xi'an is relatively strong. They all pay attention to the national quality standards and green standards in the selection of the decoration products. However, because of the market products and the reasons for the poor removal of pollution, there are still physical discomfort at the end of the decoration, and the indoor air quality is not optimistic.
(6) according to the research situation, it is suggested that the state should increase the supervision of the building materials and decoration industry and increase the concept of green decoration; the large building materials manufacturers should speed up the research and development of low cost and pollution-free building materials; the owners and decorating practitioners should reduce the stay in the construction site and use positive measures to speed the room after the end of the decoration. The diffusion of pollutants, the use of plant decontamination methods to achieve the purpose of cleaning indoor environment.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X51

【参考文献】