官帽椅形式与装饰意义的研究

发布时间：2018-08-10 22:20

【摘要】：从对中国传统座具发展及其特点的理论研究入手，，分析了官帽椅的历史地位、演变过程、品种类型以及它的整体形象；对官帽椅形式特征及其文化意义和官帽椅装饰特征及其文化意义进行了针对性的研究；提出了官帽椅形式与装饰意义是中国传统文化的综合体现，并剖析了它与建筑、艺术、哲学、民俗等其它中国传统文化的关系；还提出了官帽椅形式与装饰意义对现代家具设计具有借鉴作用。中国传统座具发展至唐代以后，高座家具逐渐增多并完善，到了明代逐渐走向成熟。座具一般有凳类、椅类。椅类指有靠背的座具，包括靠背椅、扶手椅、交椅(折叠椅)、圈椅等多种。扶手椅是指既有靠背又有扶手的椅子(除了交椅、圈椅、宝座外)，扶手椅主要包括两种类型：一种是玫瑰椅；另一种是官帽椅。官帽椅综合了明式家具的优点，它是中国传统扶手椅发展史中的经典类型之一。官帽椅的演变主要经历了三个时期：隋唐的雏形期；宋代的成形期；明代的辉煌期。从家具的整体形态分析，官帽椅可分为“四出头”官帽椅和南官帽椅两种。官帽椅之所以称为官帽椅，是因为它的的整体形状具有官帽的形象特征。而且，官帽椅整体形象具有“考取功名、步入仕途的人生追求”的象征意义。官帽椅形式特征主要取决于它的整体构成形式，而官帽椅的整体构成形式就是指官帽椅形式的整体构成状态。官帽椅在整体构成方面，按照形式美法则进行构成，最终表现为一种“有意味的形式”。在形式美法则当中，官帽椅的整体构成形式主要尊崇了比例适度、对称与平衡以及变化与统一的原则。而且，它在比例方面隐射了一种生命形式的存在；它在对称与平衡方面隐射了“中和”的传统美学思想；它在变化与统一方面体现了美的共性与个性的辨证关系。官帽椅形式是传统主流思想的体验。官帽椅的装饰可分为局部装饰和整体装饰两大类。官帽椅的局部装饰是指在官帽椅中起装饰点缀作用的装饰形态，主要表现为三种类型：具有图案属性的雕刻装饰；具有点缀性的木纹装饰；实用性与装饰性并存的部件装饰。官帽椅的整体装饰包括两层涵义：第一，按照形式美法则进行整体构成，使整个官帽椅成为一个具有某种装饰意义的装饰单体，成为适宜的环境中的装饰元素；第二，官帽椅的各个局部装饰按照形式美法则进行构成组合，以实现官帽椅整体形态的和谐统一。而且，在局部装饰图案方面，通过“以物抒情”的手法来最终实现是“物我为一”的精神；在木纹理装饰方面，体现了一种崇尚“自然天成”的传统美学思想；实用性部件在具有装饰性时，隐射了美与用的辨证关系；在整体构图方面，体现了一种尚“中”的空间意识和文化观念。官帽椅装饰是明代社会特征的综合反映。
[Abstract]:Starting with the theoretical research on the development and characteristics of traditional Chinese seat, the paper analyzes the historical position, evolution process, variety type and overall image of official hat chair. This paper makes a targeted study on the formal characteristics and cultural significance of the official hat chair and the decorative features and cultural significance of the official hat chair, and points out that the form and decoration significance of the official hat chair are the comprehensive embodiment of Chinese traditional culture, and analyzes it and architecture, art, etc. The relationship between philosophy, folklore and other traditional Chinese cultures, and the significance of official hat chair and decoration for modern furniture design are also put forward. After the development of Chinese traditional furniture in Tang Dynasty, the furniture of Gao Block gradually increased and improved, and gradually matured in Ming Dynasty. Seats are generally bench type, chair class. Chair refers to the seat with a back, including the back chair, armchair, armchair (folding chair), armchair, and so on. Armchair refers to both the back and the armchair (except for the chair, the armchair, the throne). The armchair mainly includes two types: one is the rose chair; the other is the armchair. The official hat chair combines the advantages of Ming-style furniture and is one of the classic types in the history of Chinese traditional armchair development. The evolution of official hat chair mainly experienced three periods: the embryonic stage of Sui and Tang dynasties, the forming period of Song Dynasty and the brilliant period of Ming Dynasty. From the overall form analysis of furniture, the official cap chair can be divided into two kinds: "four head" official cap chair and south official cap chair. The official hat chair is called the official hat chair because its whole shape has the image characteristic of the official hat. Moreover, the overall image of the official hat chair has the symbolic significance of "gaining fame and pursuing official career". The formal characteristics of official cap chair mainly depend on its whole constitution form, and the whole constitution form of official hat chair means the whole constitution state of official hat chair form. In the whole constitution, the official hat chair is constituted according to the law of formal beauty, and it is manifested as a "meaningful form". In the rule of formal beauty, the integral form of official hat chair mainly respects the principles of proportionality, symmetry and balance, and change and unity. Moreover, it insinuates the existence of a life form in the aspect of proportion, the traditional aesthetic thought of "neutralization" in symmetry and balance, and the dialectical relationship between the commonness and individuality of beauty in the aspect of change and unity. The form of official hat chair is the experience of traditional mainstream thought. The adornment of official hat chair can be divided into partial adornment and whole adornment two kinds. The partial decoration of the official hat chair refers to the decorative form of decoration and embellishment in the official hat chair, which is mainly manifested in three types: engraving decoration with pattern attribute, wood grain decoration with embellishment, and component decoration with practicability and adornment. The whole decoration of the official hat chair includes two meanings: first, according to the law of formal beauty, the whole official hat chair can be made into a decorative monomer with a certain decorative significance and become a decorative element in the appropriate environment; second, In order to realize the harmony and unity of the whole form of the official hat chair, the local decoration of the official hat chair is composed according to the law of formal beauty. Moreover, in the aspect of partial decoration pattern, the spirit of "matter and me as one" is realized through the technique of "expressing feelings with things", and in the aspect of wood texture decoration, it embodies a kind of traditional aesthetic thought of advocating "natural nature". When the practical parts are decorative, the dialectical relationship between beauty and use is implicit, and in the aspect of overall composition, it embodies a kind of space consciousness and cultural concept which is still "medium". Official hat chair decoration is a comprehensive reflection of the social characteristics of the Ming Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：TS664

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