北京天宁寺塔的型制与装饰艺术研究
发布时间：2018-10-11 11:08
【摘要】：公元907年,游牧民族契丹族征服了我国山西、河北及内蒙以北,北至蒙古高原和外兴安岭的大片地区,建立了辽王朝。辽代统治阶级对佛教崇信度不断增加,至辽代后期几乎全民信仰佛教,在大辽统治的广大地区也修建了数量庞大的佛寺和佛塔。除山西、辽宁等几个地区遗存有木结构的辽代塔院外,现存的辽代佛寺和辽塔均为砖石结构。辽代佛塔型制统一,具有体量大、型制规范、造型精美的特点。此外,佛塔周身雕刻装饰众多且精美,既有反映佛教主题的砖石雕像又有装饰性的纹饰,体现出辽代具有极高的雕刻工艺水平。在中国历史上辽代佛塔特别是砖石密檐塔从建造数量和营造技术来说达到了顶峰,也为后世留下了大量的中国传统建筑艺术瑰宝。 北京天宁寺的天宁寺塔作为辽代末期所建佛塔,其型制具有典型的辽代特征。塔身雕像以佛教华严宗《圆觉经》内容为主题,融合显教与密教的内容,雕刻精美生动,图像内容丰富,具有独特的佛教艺术风格。对于研究辽代佛教传播和发展以及辽代型制工艺有着重要的意义。 本文以天宁寺塔为主要研究对象,采用实地调查与理论分析相结合的研究方法,从佛塔的型制和装饰艺术两个主要方面对天宁寺塔进行了系统的分析和研究,并总结出其型制特点和装饰艺术特征。为佛塔的研究保护工作提供详实的参考资料。本文将对天宁寺塔的研究分成四部分： 第一部分对佛塔的由来和演化进行了概述,并通过归纳整理天宁寺和天宁寺塔的历史沿革,揭示了天宁寺塔近九百年的变迁。 第二部分概述了辽塔的型制并重点分析了天宁寺塔的型制,主要从天宁寺塔的基座、塔身、密檐和塔刹四部分详细介绍和分析了其型制特征,总结出了天宁寺塔的型制特点。 第三部分研究天宁寺塔的装饰艺术,主要从须弥座和塔身两个重点部分研究天宁寺塔雕像的表现形式及宗教意义,并总结出了天宁寺塔装饰艺术的艺术特征。 最后一部分对天宁寺塔进行价值评定与研究展望。作为辽代晚期佛塔的重要代表,也是北京城最古老的建筑遗存,天宁寺塔具有极其重要的历史及文化价值。研究其型制与装饰艺术,可以为今后进一步的深入研究做铺垫,也能够对天宁寺塔这一重要文物的保护提供精准的数据及理论支持。本部分对前几部分研究的结论作出总结,并对研究过程中的一些思考做了阐述,表达了个人的一些观点。
[Abstract]:In 907 AD, the nomadic Qidan ethnic group conquered Shanxi, Hebei and large areas north of Inner Mongolia, north to the Mongolian Plateau and Waixing'an Mountains, and established the Liao Dynasty. The ruling class of Liao Dynasty believed in Buddhism continuously, and almost all people believed in Buddhism in the later period of Liao Dynasty, and a large number of Buddhist temples and pagodas were built in the vast areas ruled by the great Liao Dynasty. Except in Shanxi, Liaoning and other areas, the existing pagodas and pagodas of Liao Dynasty are masonry structures. The pagoda system of Liao Dynasty is unified, with the characteristics of large volume, standard form and exquisite shape. In addition, there are many beautiful sculptures around the pagoda, both reflecting the Buddhist theme of masonry statues and decorative ornaments, reflecting the Liao Dynasty has a very high level of carving technology. In the history of China, the pagoda of Liao Dynasty, especially the masonry dense eaves tower, reached its peak in terms of construction quantity and construction technology, and also left a large number of Chinese traditional architectural art treasures for later generations. As a pagoda built in the late Liao Dynasty, the Tianning Temple of Beijing Tianning Temple has typical characteristics of Liao Dynasty. The tower statue takes the content of Buddhism Huayin sect as its theme, and combines the content of explicit teaching and secret teaching. It is beautifully carved and vivid, rich in image content, and has a unique style of Buddhist art. It is of great significance to study the spread and development of Buddhism in Liao Dynasty and the craft of Liao Dynasty. This paper takes Tianning Temple Pagoda as the main research object, adopts the research method of combining field investigation and theoretical analysis, and makes systematic analysis and research on Tianning Temple Pagoda from the two main aspects of Buddhist pagoda type system and decorative art. And summarizes its type system characteristic and the decorative art characteristic. To provide detailed reference materials for the research and protection of the pagoda. This paper divides the research of Tianning Temple into four parts: the first part summarizes the origin and evolution of the pagoda, and through summing up the historical evolution of Tianning Temple and Tianning Temple Tower, reveals the vicissitude of Tianning Temple Pagoda in the past 900 years. The second part summarizes the type system of Liao pagoda and emphatically analyzes the type system of Tianning pagoda, mainly from the base, tower body, dense eaves and tower temples four parts of the detailed introduction and analysis of the characteristics of the type system, summed up the characteristics of the type system of the Tianning pagoda. The third part studies the decorative art of Tianning pagoda, mainly from the two key parts of Xumai and the tower body, and summarizes the artistic characteristics of the decorative art of Tianning Temple. The last part evaluates and prospects the value of Tianning Temple. As an important representative of the late Liao Dynasty pagoda, and also the oldest architectural remains of Beijing, Tianning Temple Tower has extremely important historical and cultural value. The study of its type and decorative art can pave the way for further research and provide accurate data and theoretical support for the protection of this important cultural relic of Tianning Temple. In this part, the conclusions of the previous studies are summarized, and some thoughts in the course of the research are expounded, and some personal views are expressed.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU252
本文编号：2263969
[Abstract]:In 907 AD, the nomadic Qidan ethnic group conquered Shanxi, Hebei and large areas north of Inner Mongolia, north to the Mongolian Plateau and Waixing'an Mountains, and established the Liao Dynasty. The ruling class of Liao Dynasty believed in Buddhism continuously, and almost all people believed in Buddhism in the later period of Liao Dynasty, and a large number of Buddhist temples and pagodas were built in the vast areas ruled by the great Liao Dynasty. Except in Shanxi, Liaoning and other areas, the existing pagodas and pagodas of Liao Dynasty are masonry structures. The pagoda system of Liao Dynasty is unified, with the characteristics of large volume, standard form and exquisite shape. In addition, there are many beautiful sculptures around the pagoda, both reflecting the Buddhist theme of masonry statues and decorative ornaments, reflecting the Liao Dynasty has a very high level of carving technology. In the history of China, the pagoda of Liao Dynasty, especially the masonry dense eaves tower, reached its peak in terms of construction quantity and construction technology, and also left a large number of Chinese traditional architectural art treasures for later generations. As a pagoda built in the late Liao Dynasty, the Tianning Temple of Beijing Tianning Temple has typical characteristics of Liao Dynasty. The tower statue takes the content of Buddhism Huayin sect as its theme, and combines the content of explicit teaching and secret teaching. It is beautifully carved and vivid, rich in image content, and has a unique style of Buddhist art. It is of great significance to study the spread and development of Buddhism in Liao Dynasty and the craft of Liao Dynasty. This paper takes Tianning Temple Pagoda as the main research object, adopts the research method of combining field investigation and theoretical analysis, and makes systematic analysis and research on Tianning Temple Pagoda from the two main aspects of Buddhist pagoda type system and decorative art. And summarizes its type system characteristic and the decorative art characteristic. To provide detailed reference materials for the research and protection of the pagoda. This paper divides the research of Tianning Temple into four parts: the first part summarizes the origin and evolution of the pagoda, and through summing up the historical evolution of Tianning Temple and Tianning Temple Tower, reveals the vicissitude of Tianning Temple Pagoda in the past 900 years. The second part summarizes the type system of Liao pagoda and emphatically analyzes the type system of Tianning pagoda, mainly from the base, tower body, dense eaves and tower temples four parts of the detailed introduction and analysis of the characteristics of the type system, summed up the characteristics of the type system of the Tianning pagoda. The third part studies the decorative art of Tianning pagoda, mainly from the two key parts of Xumai and the tower body, and summarizes the artistic characteristics of the decorative art of Tianning Temple. The last part evaluates and prospects the value of Tianning Temple. As an important representative of the late Liao Dynasty pagoda, and also the oldest architectural remains of Beijing, Tianning Temple Tower has extremely important historical and cultural value. The study of its type and decorative art can pave the way for further research and provide accurate data and theoretical support for the protection of this important cultural relic of Tianning Temple. In this part, the conclusions of the previous studies are summarized, and some thoughts in the course of the research are expounded, and some personal views are expressed.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU252
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 陈术石;佟强;;辽塔相关调查及研究概述[J];中国文物科学研究;2012年02期
，本文编号：2263969
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