装修所致室内空气污染对健康的影响

发布时间：2018-10-13 12:20

【摘要】：目的通过对新装修住宅的室内空气质量检测和居民健康状况调查,研究室内空气污染物对居民健康的危害。方法检测159户新装修6月～1年的居室室内空气中甲醛、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)、氨和放射性氡的浓度,并用问卷调查居民的健康状况。以各个污染物浓度是否超过国家标准分组分析其对居民健康的影响。结果超标组和达标组室内空气中甲醛浓度分别为(0.170±0.075)mg m3,(0.064±0.022)mg m3;TVOC超标组和TVOC达标组室内空气中TVOC浓度分别为(2.033±1.161)mg m3,(0.271±0.142)mg m3。甲醛超标组居民疲劳、恶心、眼部刺激症状、鼻部刺激症状、喉咙干燥、皮肤干燥、皮肤骚痒、皮肤红肿的阳性率均明显高于甲醛达标组(均P0.05)。TVOC超标组居民恶心、皮肤骚痒、胸闷气短3个指标阳性率明显高于TVOC达标组(均P0.05)。结论装修可致室内空气中甲醛和TVOC超标,并可引起明显居民恶心、眼部刺激症状和皮肤刺激等症状,严重损害了居民健康。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the harm of indoor air pollutants to residents' health by investigating the indoor air quality of newly decorated houses and the health status of residents. Methods the concentrations of formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC),) ammonia and radioactive radon in indoor air of 159 newly decorated households for 6 months to 1 year were measured, and the health status of residents was investigated. Whether the concentration of each pollutant exceeds the national standard is used to analyze the impact on the health of the residents. Results the concentrations of formaldehyde in indoor air were (0.170 卤0.075) mg m3, (0.064 卤0.022) mg m3TVOC and (2.033 卤1.161) mg m3, (0.271 卤0.142) mg m3, respectively. The positive rates of fatigue, nausea, ocular irritation, nasal irritation, dry throat, itchy skin and redness of skin in the overstandard formaldehyde group were significantly higher than those in the formaldehyde standard group (P0.05). The positive rate of three indexes of chest tightness and shortness of breath was significantly higher than that of TVOC group (P0.05). Conclusion Decoration can cause formaldehyde and TVOC in indoor air to exceed the standard, and can cause obvious residents nausea, ocular irritation and skin irritation, which seriously damages the health of residents.
【作者单位】：天津市卫生防病中心天津市卫生防病中心天津市卫生防病中心天津市卫生防病中心天津市卫生防病中心天津市卫生防病中心华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院
【基金】：国家科技部重点课题—“十五”攻关项目(No.2001BA704B01) 国家科技部公益基金项目(No.2001DA10001)
【分类号】：X51

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