木材装饰贴面作业女工腰背痛分析

发布时间：2018-10-16 13:07

【摘要】：目的研究木材装饰贴面作业女工的腰背痛及其原因。方法对某地木材装饰贴面加工作业中3种主要工种的女工进行问卷调查、腰部检查和弯腰状态分析。结果选板、修补和贴面3个工种女工疲劳主诉率分别为68.8%、66.7%和59.0%,最易疲劳部位是腰背。选板和修补工的腰背痛发生率明显高于贴面工,分别是53.8%、58.7%和30.1%;棘间和腰大肌压痛与腰背痛结果一致。姿势分析结果表明,选板和修补工最大弯腰幅度(80°)大于贴面工(60°),且日弯腰次数[分别为(4396±817)、(1696±286)次]和日弯腰时间[分别为(6.5±0.6)、(6.2±1.3)h]也明显高于贴面工[分别为(1094±476)次、(4.5±0.9)h],差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论装饰贴面女工因现有作业方式而普遍存在弯腰姿势,尤以选板和修补工种突出,可能是其腰背痛高发的主要原因。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the causes of low back pain in wood decorating veneer workers. Methods questionnaire survey, waist examination and analysis of bending state were carried out among the three main types of female workers in wood decoration veneer processing in a certain area. Results the main fatigue complaint rates of the three kinds of workers were 66.8% and 59.0%, respectively. The most vulnerable part of fatigue was waist and back. The incidence of low back pain in plate selection and repair workers was significantly higher than that in veneer workers, which was 58.7% and 30.1%, respectively, and the results of interspinous tenderness and psoas major tenderness were consistent with those of low back pain. The results of postural analysis showed that the maximum bending amplitude (80 掳) of plate and mending workers was greater than that of veneer workers (60 掳), and the daily bending times [(4396 卤817), (卤1696 卤286) times] and the daily bending time [(6.5 卤0.6), (6.2 卤1.3 h) h] were significantly higher than those of veneer workers [(1094 卤476) times, (4.5 卤0.9) h] (P0.05). Conclusion bending posture is common in decorating and veneer workers because of their existing working methods, especially the prominent type of plate selection and repair work, which may be the main reason for the high incidence of low back pain.
【作者单位】：复旦大学公共卫生学院;浙江省德清县疾病预防控制中心;复旦大学公共卫生学院附属金山医院;
【分类号】：R131

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