办公室装修对健康的影响及室内空气质量评价模式研究

发布时间：2019-03-20 09:29

【摘要】： 目的:研究装修后办公室对工作人员健康的影响及装修后室内空气质量评价的模式。方法:根据装修竣工时间,选择装修后2个月以内、2～5月、5～8月、8～12月、12～18月的办公室共150间进行污染物浓度的测定并对符合条件的工作人员478人进行健康效应问卷调查。选择装修五年以上的办公室50间进行污染物浓度的测定并对符合条件的139名工作人员进行健康效应问卷调查。结果:装修后室内污染物甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度超标严重。装修后2个月内,浓度分别为0.447、0.857、0.460、0.424、0.630(mg/m3)。以后,污染物浓度随装修竣工时间的延长而下降,在竣工大约一年后达到了相应标准。不同时期污染物的超标率显示,在装修后2个月内,甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯的超标率最大,分别为100%、87.3%、83.9%、97.5%、88.3%。甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯各污染物浓度比较的结果显示装修后一年内,甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度均高于对照组(p0.05),影响室内污染物甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度的装修材料主要为油漆、涂料、复合地板、化纤地毯、人造板用品、增白剂、竣工时间。办公室装修后工作人员不良反应发生率(76.4%)明显高于对照组(28.9%),有显著性差异(p0.01),装修组眼刺激、刺痛感、流泪、咽刺激、鼻刺激、嗅味异常、咳嗽、气喘、皮肤刺激、头痛、食欲下降、四肢发痒症状均重于对照组,有显著性差异(p0.01)。工作人员不良反应评分与甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度均为正相关,与装修完工时间为负相关。在影响不良反应评分的因素大小依次为装修竣工时间,涂料,人造板新办公用具,每日通风时间。结论:办公室装修后空气存在严重污染,并对工作人员健康可造成一定损害,且损害程度与办公室内甲醛、氨和苯污染物浓度呈正相关,与装修完工时间为负相关;在室内空气质量评价模式采用权重系数法数可以提高评判指数的分辨率;
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the effect of post-decoration office on staff health and the evaluation model of indoor air quality after decoration. Methods: according to the time of completion of decoration, select within 2 months after decoration, from 2 to 5 months, from May to August to December, from May to August, from August to December. The concentrations of pollutants were measured in 150 offices from 12 months to 18 months. The health effects of 478 qualified workers were investigated by health effect questionnaire. 50 offices decorated for more than five years were selected to measure the concentration of pollutants and 139 qualified workers were investigated by health effect questionnaire. Results: the concentrations of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene and xylene exceeded the standard. Within 2 months after decoration, the concentrations were 0.447,0.857, 0.460,0.424,0.630 (mg/m3), respectively. After that, the concentration of pollutants decreased with the extension of completion time, and reached the corresponding standard about a year after completion. The results showed that within 2 months after decoration, the excess rates of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene and xylene were 100%, 87.3%, 83.9%, 97.5% and 88.3%, respectively. The concentration comparison of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene and xylene showed that the concentrations of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene and xylene were higher than those of the control group (p0.05), which affected the indoor pollutants formaldehyde, ammonia and benzene, and the concentration of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene and xylene were higher than those of the control group (p0.05). Toluene, xylene concentration of decoration materials for paint, composite floor, chemical fiber carpet, wood-based panel supplies, whitening agent, completion time. The incidence of adverse reaction in office decoration group (76.4%) was significantly higher than that in control group (28.9%), and there was significant difference (p0.01). In decoration group, eye stimulation, tingling sensation, tears, pharynx stimulation, nasal stimulation and abnormal smell were found. The symptoms of cough, asthma, skin irritation, headache, decreased appetite and itching in limbs were more severe than those in the control group (p0.01). The staff adverse reaction score was positively correlated with the concentration of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene and xylene, and negatively correlated with the completion time of decoration. The factors influencing the adverse reaction score were decoration completion time, paint, new office utensils for wood-based panels, daily ventilation time. Conclusion: there is serious air pollution after office decoration, which can damage the health of staff, and the degree of damage is positively correlated with the concentration of formaldehyde, ammonia and benzene in the office, and negatively correlated with the completion time of decoration. The resolution of the evaluation index can be improved by using the weight coefficient method in the indoor air quality evaluation model.
【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：X823

【引证文献】