五种楠属植物叶形态解剖研究及高光谱特征比较
发布时间：2019-05-17 17:23
【摘要】：樟科楠属植物(Phoebe Nees)主要分布在亚洲和美洲的热带地区,约94种。《中国植物志》中记载,楠属植物在我国主要分布在长江中下游及其以南地区,共34种3变种,是我国传统的珍贵树种,素有“木中金子”的美誉。本属植物多为高大的常绿乔木,因其树形优美、分枝点较高、病虫害较少、文化寓意深厚而被广泛应用于城市的园林绿化；木材坚硬、结构细致、不容易结构开裂伴有奇异香型,是建筑、家具、装潢的优良木材,中外驰名的“楠木”即为本属植物。湖北省位于长江中游地区,气候温暖湿润,雨热同期,是楠属植物资源的分布和应用大省。楠属植物在湖北全省均有分布,分布种类在恩施、长阳等地区最为丰富,人工种植主要分布于荆州、宜昌等平原地区,野生资源则多见于温暖湿润的沟谷地带,一般在以壳斗科植物为建群种的天然温带常绿阔叶里林中作为伴生种零星分布。由于有些楠属植物的外部形态相近或相似,在应用和识别过程中比较混乱,常常会有误定现象的发生。鉴于其巨大的市场价值及生态价值,准确且快速判断楠属植物的品种,挖掘楠属植物的园林应用潜力,使其适应现代化的园林市场需求,具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。本次研究以前人对樟科植物的系统分类学研究为基础,在查阅大量文献、多次实地调查之后,对湖北省5种主要楠属植物的叶片形态进行综合性分析和比较；对其高光谱特征进行比较,并建立相应的数学判别模型,利用该判别模型能够较为准确的对其种类进行判别。植物的叶表皮形态对于植物的形态分类具有十分重要的价值。因此,在形态性状方面,通过对湖北省5种主要的楠属植物叶片进行形态学上的比较和测量,将一些重要的形态特征转化为直观的数据统计,并对于测量数据进行统计学上的分析。结果表明：不同楠属植物的叶片具有较大的形态差异,但又具有一定程度上的相似性,难以用传统的方法进行准确的描述。植物叶片进行叶形扫描后,对得到的长度、宽度、叶面积、叶基角等数据进行标准化处理以后进行数据分析,结果表明,5种楠属植物种与种之间存在着明显的差异：其中紫楠与其他四种差异极大,从叶片形状及大小便可很容易的进行区分：而闽楠和桢楠形态较为相似,仅凭借叶片形状、大小、叶片表皮毛附着情况很难区分,还应该从其他方面加以细致区分。在光镜和电镜下观察楠属植物的叶表皮结构,结果表明：下表皮的结构要比上表皮更加复杂,气孔的分布、表皮细胞的形态均不相同。5种楠属植物都具有十分明显的栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化,且上表皮有蜡质层存在,但栅栏组织和海绵组织在细胞的厚度、蜡质层的厚度上均存在着一定的差异。紫楠叶片表层有明显的蜡质层的存在,蜡质层下面有一层圆柱型的细胞整齐的排列,栅栏组织和海绵组织分化严重。下表皮细胞不规则排列。白楠和桢楠的栅栏组织和海绵组织分化则并不明显,且栅栏组织的长度较短。由于不同的植物其内在分子结构及所含化学成分的不同,在红外光谱下会呈现出不同的相应特征。近年来,高光谱技术在植物分类上的广泛应用,成为植物品种鉴定的新兴手段,特别是对于一些形态特征相似或相近的物种,以测谱学为基础发展起来的、具有分辨率高、信息量大等特点的高光谱技术能够很好的解决植物之间从形态上不容易识别的问题。通过对湖北省5种楠属植物之间的光谱提取,运用逐步判别的方法筛选出特征波段,结果表明：5种楠属植物的反射光谱特征波段主要集中在300nm-1100nm之间。在波长530nm-580nm之间会出现一个“红峰”,反射波峰值的大小顺序为白楠闽楠桢楠浙江楠紫楠。结合Fisher线性判别方法,构建出楠属植物品种的判别分析模型。通过模型,能够将这5种楠属植物较为准确的区分开来。这也为快速进行楠属植物的鉴定提供了一种新的可行性方法。楠属植物作为我国传统优良树种,四季常绿,树型优美,特别是由于其在中国传统文化中具有很好的象征意义,已经受到相关从业者越来越多的重视,成为现代园林建设中理想的树种。分布范围广,适应性强,病虫害少,幼苗易于成活,养护成本较低,可以用作经济林的栽培树种之一；木材材质纹理细腻,材质较好,不易变形,耐腐抗虫,是家具、建筑良好的材料。综上所述,楠属植物不仅具有很高的经济价值和生态价值,更兼具一定的科研及资源保护价值,适合广泛进行推广种植。
[Abstract]:The genus Phoeboe Nees is mainly distributed in the tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, about 94 species. There are 34 species of these species in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south of the Yangtze River, which are known as the "the gold of the wood". The plant is a large evergreen tree, because the tree is beautiful, the branch point is high, the disease and insect pests are less, the cultural meaning is deep and is widely used in the garden greening of the city, the wood is hard, the structure is fine, the structural cracking is not easy, and the strange-flavor type is the building and the furniture, The good wood of the decoration, the famous "Nanmu" is the genus of the genus. Hubei Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the climate is warm and humid, and the rain and heat are in the same period, it is the distribution and application of the plant resources of Nangan. The plants of the genus Nwhich are distributed in the whole province of Hubei, and the distribution is the most abundant in the areas such as Enshi and Changyang. The artificial planting is mainly distributed in the plain areas such as Jingzhou and Yichang, and the wild resources are mostly found in the warm and humid valley areas. In general, in the natural temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in which the plant of the shell is built as a group, the companion species are distributed sporadically. Due to the similar or similar external morphology of some of the Nanglia plants, it is often misdetermined in the process of application and identification. In view of its great market value and ecological value, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to make it suitable for the modern garden market demand. This study was based on the systematic taxonomic study of the plants of the Analois, and made a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the leaf morphology of the five main Nangaceae plants in Hubei province after a large number of literature and on-the-spot investigation. The high spectral characteristics of the plants were compared. And a corresponding mathematical judgment model is established, and the type can be judged more accurately by using the discrimination model. The leaf epidermis of the plant is of great value to the morphological classification of the plant. Therefore, in the aspect of morphological characters, by comparing and measuring the morphological characteristics of five main plant leaves in Hubei province, some important morphological features are transformed into visual data statistics, and the statistical analysis of the measurement data is carried out. The results show that the leaves of the plants of the different genera have a large morphological difference, but also have a certain degree of similarity, and it is difficult to carry out the accurate description by the traditional method. After the leaf shape scanning of the plant leaves, data analysis was carried out after the standardized treatment of the data such as the length, the width, the leaf area, the basal angle and the like, and the results showed that there was a significant difference between the five species of the Photinia species and the species: It is very easy to distinguish between the shape of the blade and the urine and the urine, and the shape of the blade is very similar, and it is difficult to distinguish between the shape and size of the blade and the adhesion of the skin of the blade, and it should be distinguished from other aspects. The results showed that the structure of the lower epidermis was more complicated than that of the upper epidermis, the distribution of stomata and the morphology of the epidermal cells were not the same. And the thickness of the cell, the thickness of the wax layer and the thickness of the wax layer are different. There are obvious waxy layers in the surface of the leaf of the leaf of the south, there is a layer of cylindrical cells in the wax layer, and the tissue of the palisade and the sponge are in serious differentiation. The lower skin cells are irregularly arranged. The differentiation of the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue of the Namtha and the Namtha is not obvious, and the length of the fence tissue is shorter. Due to the different molecular structure and chemical composition of different plants, different corresponding characteristics can be displayed under the infrared spectrum. In recent years, the wide application of high-spectrum technology in the classification of plants has become an emerging means of plant variety identification, especially for species with similar or similar morphological characteristics, with high resolution, The high-spectrum technology with the characteristics of large information content can well solve the problem that the plant can not be easily identified from the form. By means of the method of step-by-step, the characteristic bands were selected by the spectral extraction of the five species of Photinia in Hubei, and the results showed that the characteristic bands of the reflection spectrum of the five species of Photinia were mainly concentrated in the range of 300 nm to 1100 nm. A "Red Peaks" appears between the wavelength of 530 nm and 580 nm, and the peak of the reflected wave is in the order of the order of the magnitude of the peak of the reflected wave to be in the order of the Nampula, the Nampula, and the Photinia. The discriminant analysis model of the plant species of the genus Photinia was constructed by the Fisher linear discriminant method. By means of the model, the five species of Photinia can be more accurately distinguished. This also provides a new feasible method for the rapid identification of the Nana plants. As a good tree species in China, the genus Nangia is evergreen and has a beautiful tree in the four seasons, especially because of its good symbolic significance in Chinese traditional culture, and has been paid more and more attention by the relevant practitioners to become the ideal tree species in the construction of modern garden. The invention has the advantages of wide distribution range, strong adaptability, few diseases and insect pests, easy survival of the seedlings and low maintenance cost, and can be used as one of the cultivated tree species of the economic forest; and the wood material is fine in texture, good in material, not easy to deform, resistant to corrosion and insect resistance, and is a good material for furniture and building. In conclusion, the Nanga plant not only has high economic value and ecological value, but also has certain scientific research and resource protection value, and is suitable for wide popularization and planting.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q944.56
本文编号：2479283
[Abstract]:The genus Phoeboe Nees is mainly distributed in the tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, about 94 species. There are 34 species of these species in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south of the Yangtze River, which are known as the "the gold of the wood". The plant is a large evergreen tree, because the tree is beautiful, the branch point is high, the disease and insect pests are less, the cultural meaning is deep and is widely used in the garden greening of the city, the wood is hard, the structure is fine, the structural cracking is not easy, and the strange-flavor type is the building and the furniture, The good wood of the decoration, the famous "Nanmu" is the genus of the genus. Hubei Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the climate is warm and humid, and the rain and heat are in the same period, it is the distribution and application of the plant resources of Nangan. The plants of the genus Nwhich are distributed in the whole province of Hubei, and the distribution is the most abundant in the areas such as Enshi and Changyang. The artificial planting is mainly distributed in the plain areas such as Jingzhou and Yichang, and the wild resources are mostly found in the warm and humid valley areas. In general, in the natural temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in which the plant of the shell is built as a group, the companion species are distributed sporadically. Due to the similar or similar external morphology of some of the Nanglia plants, it is often misdetermined in the process of application and identification. In view of its great market value and ecological value, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to make it suitable for the modern garden market demand. This study was based on the systematic taxonomic study of the plants of the Analois, and made a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the leaf morphology of the five main Nangaceae plants in Hubei province after a large number of literature and on-the-spot investigation. The high spectral characteristics of the plants were compared. And a corresponding mathematical judgment model is established, and the type can be judged more accurately by using the discrimination model. The leaf epidermis of the plant is of great value to the morphological classification of the plant. Therefore, in the aspect of morphological characters, by comparing and measuring the morphological characteristics of five main plant leaves in Hubei province, some important morphological features are transformed into visual data statistics, and the statistical analysis of the measurement data is carried out. The results show that the leaves of the plants of the different genera have a large morphological difference, but also have a certain degree of similarity, and it is difficult to carry out the accurate description by the traditional method. After the leaf shape scanning of the plant leaves, data analysis was carried out after the standardized treatment of the data such as the length, the width, the leaf area, the basal angle and the like, and the results showed that there was a significant difference between the five species of the Photinia species and the species: It is very easy to distinguish between the shape of the blade and the urine and the urine, and the shape of the blade is very similar, and it is difficult to distinguish between the shape and size of the blade and the adhesion of the skin of the blade, and it should be distinguished from other aspects. The results showed that the structure of the lower epidermis was more complicated than that of the upper epidermis, the distribution of stomata and the morphology of the epidermal cells were not the same. And the thickness of the cell, the thickness of the wax layer and the thickness of the wax layer are different. There are obvious waxy layers in the surface of the leaf of the leaf of the south, there is a layer of cylindrical cells in the wax layer, and the tissue of the palisade and the sponge are in serious differentiation. The lower skin cells are irregularly arranged. The differentiation of the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue of the Namtha and the Namtha is not obvious, and the length of the fence tissue is shorter. Due to the different molecular structure and chemical composition of different plants, different corresponding characteristics can be displayed under the infrared spectrum. In recent years, the wide application of high-spectrum technology in the classification of plants has become an emerging means of plant variety identification, especially for species with similar or similar morphological characteristics, with high resolution, The high-spectrum technology with the characteristics of large information content can well solve the problem that the plant can not be easily identified from the form. By means of the method of step-by-step, the characteristic bands were selected by the spectral extraction of the five species of Photinia in Hubei, and the results showed that the characteristic bands of the reflection spectrum of the five species of Photinia were mainly concentrated in the range of 300 nm to 1100 nm. A "Red Peaks" appears between the wavelength of 530 nm and 580 nm, and the peak of the reflected wave is in the order of the order of the magnitude of the peak of the reflected wave to be in the order of the Nampula, the Nampula, and the Photinia. The discriminant analysis model of the plant species of the genus Photinia was constructed by the Fisher linear discriminant method. By means of the model, the five species of Photinia can be more accurately distinguished. This also provides a new feasible method for the rapid identification of the Nana plants. As a good tree species in China, the genus Nangia is evergreen and has a beautiful tree in the four seasons, especially because of its good symbolic significance in Chinese traditional culture, and has been paid more and more attention by the relevant practitioners to become the ideal tree species in the construction of modern garden. The invention has the advantages of wide distribution range, strong adaptability, few diseases and insect pests, easy survival of the seedlings and low maintenance cost, and can be used as one of the cultivated tree species of the economic forest; and the wood material is fine in texture, good in material, not easy to deform, resistant to corrosion and insect resistance, and is a good material for furniture and building. In conclusion, the Nanga plant not only has high economic value and ecological value, but also has certain scientific research and resource protection value, and is suitable for wide popularization and planting.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q944.56
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